{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023653645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicybs.2014.7013364","title":"Quantifying the impact of unavailability in cyber-physical environments","display_name":"Quantifying the impact of unavailability in cyber-physical environments","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023653645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicybs.2014.7013364","mag":"2023653645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicybs.2014.7013364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicybs.2014.7013364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Cyber Security (CICS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038831893","display_name":"Anis Ben Aissa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3254-8498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anis Ben Aissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Tunis EI Manar Tunis, Tunisia","Universite de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Tunis EI Manar Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004374284","display_name":"Robert K. Abercrombie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0949-4070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert K. Abercrombie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA","Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019549865","display_name":"Frederick T. Sheldon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-2750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick T. Sheldon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115598651","display_name":"Ali Mili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6578-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mili","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Inst. of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","College of Computing Sciences , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ 07102 , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Inst. of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing Sciences , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ 07102 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038831893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I63596082"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85633929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unavailability","display_name":"Unavailability","score":0.9873369932174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.9456894397735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6792653799057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.636659562587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.6093977093696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5807677507400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5209154486656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"Supervisory control","score":0.48076435923576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4478415846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4432838559150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure-protection","display_name":"Critical infrastructure protection","score":0.41988256573677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3502891957759857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.25751644372940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24477848410606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.12444362044334412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.9873369932174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.9456894397735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6792653799057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.636659562587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.6093977093696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5807677507400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5209154486656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92991967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644329","display_name":"Supervisory control","level":3,"score":0.48076435923576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4478415846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4432838559150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779033394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186733","display_name":"Critical infrastructure protection","level":3,"score":0.41988256573677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3502891957759857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25751644372940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24477848410606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.12444362044334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicybs.2014.7013364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicybs.2014.7013364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Cyber Security (CICS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530071485","https://openalex.org/W1571323288","https://openalex.org/W1738691475","https://openalex.org/W1968131943","https://openalex.org/W1971126134","https://openalex.org/W1990488508","https://openalex.org/W2007677404","https://openalex.org/W2014646513","https://openalex.org/W2023122196","https://openalex.org/W2025619239","https://openalex.org/W2049454285","https://openalex.org/W2050588495","https://openalex.org/W2060479059","https://openalex.org/W2065687680","https://openalex.org/W2067842578","https://openalex.org/W2073903244","https://openalex.org/W2084507001","https://openalex.org/W2092214024","https://openalex.org/W2094741359","https://openalex.org/W2099916166","https://openalex.org/W2110030812","https://openalex.org/W2112722433","https://openalex.org/W2116792759","https://openalex.org/W2135123910","https://openalex.org/W2143842190","https://openalex.org/W2159758819","https://openalex.org/W2160150359","https://openalex.org/W2162783010","https://openalex.org/W2336312021","https://openalex.org/W2619874920","https://openalex.org/W2974561740","https://openalex.org/W4243237624","https://openalex.org/W4256497308","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631748853","https://openalex.org/W6637828960","https://openalex.org/W6681750758","https://openalex.org/W6683767380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2265199518","https://openalex.org/W2215365983","https://openalex.org/W3201734049","https://openalex.org/W308697330","https://openalex.org/W2619521171","https://openalex.org/W2943911154","https://openalex.org/W2521068662","https://openalex.org/W3083596355","https://openalex.org/W2764881196","https://openalex.org/W2085358621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,47,110],"Supervisory":[1],"Control":[2],"and":[3,35,44,71],"Data":[4],"Acquisition":[5],"(SCADA)":[6],"system":[7,52,124],"discussed":[8],"in":[9,53,125],"this":[10,54],"work":[11],"manages":[12],"a":[13,29,118,123],"distributed":[14],"control":[15],"network":[16,25],"for":[17,94],"the":[18,37,50,60,77,88,96,104,128],"Tunisian":[19],"Electric":[20],"&":[21],"Gas":[22],"Utility.":[23],"is":[26,56],"dispersed":[27],"over":[28],"large":[30],"geographic":[31],"area":[32],"that":[33,133],"monitors":[34],"controls":[36],"flow":[38],"of":[39,49,63,69,79,98,127,131],"electricity/gas":[40],"from":[41],"both":[42],"remote":[43],"centralized":[45],"locations.":[46],"availability":[48,106],"SCADA":[51,74],"context":[55],"critical":[57,81],"to":[58,121,138],"ensuring":[59],"uninterrupted":[61],"delivery":[62],"energy,":[64],"including":[65],"safety,":[66],"security,":[67],"continuity":[68],"operations":[70],"revenue.":[72],"Such":[73],"systems":[75],"are":[76],"backbone":[78],"national":[80],"cyber-physical":[82],"infrastructures.":[83],"Herein,":[84],"we":[85],"propose":[86],"adapting":[87],"Mean":[89],"Failure":[90],"Cost":[91],"(MFC)":[92],"metric":[93,102],"quantifying":[95],"cost":[97],"unavailability.":[99,139],"This":[100],"new":[101],"combines":[103],"classic":[105],"formulation":[107],"with":[108],"MFC.":[109],"resulting":[111],"metric,":[112],"so-called":[113],"Econometric":[114],"Availability":[115],"(EA),":[116],"offers":[117],"computational":[119],"basis":[120],"evaluate":[122],"terms":[126],"gain/loss":[129],"($/hour":[130],"operation)":[132],"affects":[134],"each":[135],"stakeholder":[136],"due":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}