{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161116649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc65509.2026.11509622","title":"A 7.6-ppm/\u00b0C Frequency Reference From -40 \u2103 to 125 \u2103 with Series\u2013Parallel Double-Tracking for Second-Order Compensation and Process-Variation Tolerance","display_name":"A 7.6-ppm/\u00b0C Frequency Reference From -40 \u2103 to 125 \u2103 with Series\u2013Parallel Double-Tracking for Second-Order Compensation and Process-Variation Tolerance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161116649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc65509.2026.11509622"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc65509.2026.11509622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc65509.2026.11509622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133056594","display_name":"Wenzhao Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhao Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698319","display_name":"Dan Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-8956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133003152","display_name":"Pengxu Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengxu Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136178928","display_name":"Kai Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136133342","display_name":"Mingyang Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061756960","display_name":"Zhili Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-2672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136168991","display_name":"Chao Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042560613","display_name":"Z H Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuojun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Semiconductors,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.17419999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.17419999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.07000000029802322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.05849999934434891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-response","display_name":"Frequency response","score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.25609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.24609999358654022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131782439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455581","display_name":"Frequency compensation","level":4,"score":0.24529999494552612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc65509.2026.11509622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc65509.2026.11509622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,30,37,43,111,117],"frequency-locked":[4],"loop":[5],"(FLL)-based":[6],"frequency":[7],"reference":[8],"with":[9],"series\u2013parallel":[11],"double-tracking":[12],"(SPDT)":[13],"technique,":[14],"enabling":[15],"second-order":[16],"temperature":[17,39,45],"compensation":[18,32],"and":[19,124],"enhanced":[20],"process-variation":[21],"tolerance.":[22],"By":[23],"employing":[24],"only":[25],"two":[26],"resistor":[27],"types":[28],"in":[29,58,63],"hybrid":[31],"structure,":[33],"the":[34,66,77],"design":[35],"achieves":[36,116],"low":[38,118],"coefficient":[40],"(TC)":[41],"across":[42],"wide":[44],"range.":[46],"The":[47],"proposed":[48],"technique":[49],"induces":[50],"opposite":[51],"TC":[52,82],"shifts":[53],"under":[54],"process":[55,60],"deviations,":[56],"resulting":[57],"excellent":[59],"insensitivity.":[61],"Fabricated":[62],"180-nm":[64],"CMOS,":[65],"prototype":[67],"occupies":[68],"0.024":[69],"mm<sup":[70],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[71],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[72],"Measured":[73],"over":[74],"15":[75],"samples,":[76],"circuit":[78],"demonstrates":[79],"an":[80,125],"average":[81],"of":[83,121,128],"7.6":[84],"ppm/\u2103":[85,102],"(\u03c3":[86],"=":[87],"0.7":[88],"ppm/\u2103)":[89],"from":[90,110],"-40":[91],"\u2103":[92,95],"to":[93],"125":[94],"after":[96,103],"two-point":[97],"trimming,":[98],"which":[99],"remains":[100],"9.6":[101],"accelerated":[104],"aging.":[105],"Operating":[106],"at":[107],"44.1":[108],"\u03bcW":[109],"1.2":[112],"V":[113],"supply,":[114],"it":[115],"line":[119],"sensitivity":[120],"0.12":[122],"%/V":[123],"energy":[126],"efficiency":[127],"1.4":[129],"pJ/Hz.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-05-15T00:00:00"}
