{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410492964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983562","title":"A 24.6-to-30.6GHz Magnetic-Isolated Sub-Sampling PLL with a Fast-Locking FLL Achieving 64.9fs Jitter, \u2212253.3dB FoM <sub>J</sub> , and \u221269.1dBc Reference Spur in 65nm CMOS","display_name":"A 24.6-to-30.6GHz Magnetic-Isolated Sub-Sampling PLL with a Fast-Locking FLL Achieving 64.9fs Jitter, \u2212253.3dB FoM <sub>J</sub> , and \u221269.1dBc Reference Spur in 65nm CMOS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410492964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001367905","display_name":"Hanzhang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-8405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001586341","display_name":"Chuqiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2632-5899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuqiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115590829","display_name":"Yanwei Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000735239","display_name":"Wen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-0589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084629190","display_name":"Tongde Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-2800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongde Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393806","display_name":"Xiaolong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.9512190222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.7361989617347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spur","display_name":"Spur","score":0.589655876159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4681819975376129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35408180952072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18391388654708862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1493515968322754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.9512190222740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.7361989617347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779821383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581537","display_name":"Spur","level":2,"score":0.589655876159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4681819975376129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35408180952072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18391388654708862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1493515968322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3016369990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62304098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5512981005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515013269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792205995","https://openalex.org/W2921945517","https://openalex.org/W4220669729","https://openalex.org/W4377708840","https://openalex.org/W4392207678","https://openalex.org/W4392746218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2242079364","https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2317410790","https://openalex.org/W1994021281","https://openalex.org/W2139484866","https://openalex.org/W2326560183","https://openalex.org/W4225994594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,21,24,36,40,55,78,81,101,139,144,152,159,166,170,173,187,191,212,217,220,234,243,258,264,268,274,281,311,329,334,346,351,366,391,408,413,422],"rapid":[2],"advancement":[3],"of":[4,39,163,214,313,324,341,350,380],"modern":[5],"communication":[6,8,51],"technology,":[7],"standards":[9],"have":[10],"imposed":[11],"stringent":[12],"performance":[13],"requirements":[14],"on":[15,190],"phase-locked":[16],"loops":[17],"(PLLs).":[18],"According":[19],"to":[20,77,89,138,169,183,256,271,290,303,327,406,420],"3GPP":[22],"protocol,":[23],"upper":[25],"threshold":[26,393],"for":[27,31,390],"EVM":[28],"is":[29,97,125,373,401],"3.5%":[30],"256-QAM":[32],"modulation,":[33],"implying":[34],"that":[35],"rms":[37],"jitter":[38,73],"local":[41],"oscillation":[42],"(LO)":[43],"signal":[44],"should":[45],"be":[46],"less":[47],"than":[48],"100fs.":[49],"Additionally,":[50],"systems":[52],"generally":[53],"require":[54],"reference":[56],"(REF)":[57],"spur":[58,96,206,270,297],"below":[59],"\u221260dBc.":[60],"Among":[61],"various":[62],"PLL":[63,175],"architectures,":[64],"sub-sampling":[65,79,221,367],"PLLs":[66],"(SSPLLs)":[67],"exhibit":[68],"superior":[69],"phase":[70,208,222,342,368],"noise":[71,259],"and":[72,107,142,154,207,260,307,359,370],"performance.":[74],"However,":[75,198,384],"due":[76],"operation,":[80],"voltage-controlled":[82],"oscillator":[83],"(VCO)":[84],"experiences":[85],"periodic":[86],"disturbances,":[87,309],"leading":[88,289],"a":[90,121,134,179,202,252,314,320,337,378],"high":[91],"REF":[92,95,160,205,244,269,296],"spur.":[93,161,245],"The":[94],"mainly":[98],"introduced":[99,126],"by":[100],"binary":[102],"frequency-shift-keying":[103],"(BFSK),":[104],"charge":[105,108],"injection,":[106],"sharing":[109],"effects,":[110],"as":[111],"illustrated":[112],"in":[113,219,375],"Fig.":[114],"1":[115,129,195],"(top).":[116],"To":[117,246,354],"mitigate":[118,257],"these":[119],"issues,":[120],"dummy":[122,155],"sampling":[123,167,188],"path":[124],"[1]":[127],"(Fig.":[128,194],"bottom":[130,196],"left),":[131],"ideally":[132],"providing":[133],"constant":[135],"capacitive":[136,261],"load":[137,275],"VCO":[140,171,192],"tank":[141],"eliminating":[143],"BFSK":[145],"effect.":[146],"In":[147],"practice,":[148],"however,":[149],"mismatches":[150],"between":[151,204,365],"main":[153],"paths":[156],"significantly":[157],"degrade":[158],"Instead":[162],"directly":[164],"connecting":[165],"circuit":[168,189],"tank,":[172],"isolated-sub-sampling":[174],"(iSSPLL)":[176],"[2]":[177],"employs":[178],"transistor":[180],"(i.e.,":[181,237],"Mi)":[182],"minimize":[184],"disturbances":[185],"from":[186,263],"core":[193],"middle).":[197],"this":[199,248,356,385],"topology":[200],"introduces":[201,284],"trade-off":[203],"noise.":[209],"Specifically,":[210],"increasing":[211],"size":[213],"Mi":[215],"enhances":[216],"gain":[218],"detector":[223],"(SSPD),":[224],"which":[225],"helps":[226],"suppress":[227],"in-band":[228],"noise,":[229],"but":[230,412],"it":[231],"also":[232,301,402],"increases":[233],"parasitic":[235],"capacitance":[236],"C<inf":[238],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[239,278],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">p</inf>),":[240],"thereby":[241,344],"worsening":[242],"counteract":[247],"issue,":[249],"[3]":[250],"adopts":[251],"function-reused":[253],"(FR)":[254],"VCO-buffer":[255,265,283],"loading":[262],"transistors,":[266],"improving":[267],"\u221266dBc.":[272],"Nevertheless,":[273],"resistor":[276],"R<inf":[277],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">D</inf>":[279],"within":[280],"FR":[282],"an":[285,403],"additional":[286],"voltage":[287],"drop,":[288],"higher":[291],"power":[292,418],"consumption":[293],"(17mW).":[294],"Beyond":[295],"concern,":[298],"SSPLLs":[299],"are":[300],"prone":[302],"incorrect":[304],"frequency":[305,315,331,371],"locking":[306,316,348,357,409],"external":[308],"necessitating":[310],"integration":[312],"loop":[317,369,372],"(FLL)":[318],"with":[319],"dead":[321],"zone":[322],"(DZ)":[323],"[-\u03c0,":[325],"\u03c0]":[326],"ensure":[328],"correct":[330],"output.":[332],"Exiting":[333],"DZ":[335,379,398],"requires":[336,387],"significant":[338],"long-time":[339],"accumulation":[340],"error,":[343],"prolonging":[345],"overall":[347],"time":[349,358,410],"SSPLL":[352],"[1].":[353],"shorten":[355,407],"enhance":[360],"robustness,":[361],"automatic":[362,399],"soft":[363],"switching":[364],"proposed":[374],"[4],":[376],"realizing":[377],"approximately":[381],"[-\u03c0/2,":[382],"\u03c0/2].":[383],"approach":[386],"off-chip":[388],"calibration":[389],"switch":[392],"voltage.":[394],"A":[395],"quadrature":[396,414,424],"SSPD-based":[397],"controller":[400],"effective":[404],"way":[405],"[5],":[411],"divider":[415],"consumes":[416],"substantial":[417],"(4.1mW)":[419],"generate":[421],"necessary":[423],"signals.":[425]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
