{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410492969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983499","title":"A 95.9-dB SNDR 10-kHz BW 3rd-Order VCO-Based CT \u0394\u03a3 Modulator Using a Phase-Time Two-Step Quantizer","display_name":"A 95.9-dB SNDR 10-kHz BW 3rd-Order VCO-Based CT \u0394\u03a3 Modulator Using a Phase-Time Two-Step Quantizer","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410492969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101786299","display_name":"Kezhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-3128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ken Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010818400","display_name":"Wei-En Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-3362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-En Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019097648","display_name":"Xitie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8114-9119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xitie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078646199","display_name":"Tian Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-9422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043712410","display_name":"Tzu-Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-0555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Han Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021172765","display_name":"Visvesh Sathe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-4495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Visvesh Sathe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030597298","display_name":"Shaolan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaolan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101786299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19584849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.8128171563148499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5287166237831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4309764802455902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.424164354801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37145721912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21930602192878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21532493829727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.19499024748802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.1728600263595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16678950190544128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8128171563148499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5287166237831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4309764802455902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.424164354801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37145721912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21930602192878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21532493829727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.19499024748802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.1728600263595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16678950190544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc63670.2025.10983499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2051931839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2133106,2239033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2537607257","https://openalex.org/W2593142324","https://openalex.org/W2793249976","https://openalex.org/W2996711802","https://openalex.org/W3015359264","https://openalex.org/W3048893368","https://openalex.org/W3134800534","https://openalex.org/W3135483217","https://openalex.org/W4285507194","https://openalex.org/W4390284919","https://openalex.org/W4392739477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2070109416","https://openalex.org/W1523213765","https://openalex.org/W2388316590","https://openalex.org/W4388486464","https://openalex.org/W2380576078","https://openalex.org/W2902200568","https://openalex.org/W1482165582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Capacitively-coupled":[0],"continuous-time":[1],"\u0394\u03a3":[2],"modulators":[3],"(CC-CTDSMs)":[4],"are":[5,75],"widely":[6],"used":[7,140],"in":[8,28],"precision":[9],"bio-sensing":[10],"applications":[11],"such":[12,82],"as":[13,83,110],"ExG":[14],"readout":[15],"and":[16,21,30,40,90,155],"neuromodulation":[17],"for":[18,60,78],"their":[19],"low-noise":[20],"intrinsic":[22,88,91,131],"anti-aliasing":[23],"capabilities":[24],"[1]\u2013[7].":[25],"Growing":[26],"demands":[27],"wearable":[29],"implantable":[31],"bioelectronics":[32],"drive":[33],"CC-CTdSM":[34],"designs":[35,98],"to":[36,126,171],"achieve":[37],"better":[38],"energy":[39],"hardware":[41,116],"efficiency.":[42],"Classic":[43],"CC-CTDSMs":[44],"employing":[45,144],"SAR":[46],"quantizers":[47,74],"have":[48],"demonstrated":[49],"excellent":[50],"performance":[51],"[1]\u2013[3],":[52],"but":[53],"they":[54],"require":[55],"a":[56,100],"dedicated":[57],"reference":[58],"buffer":[59],"the":[61,67,130,166],"SAR,":[62],"which":[63],"adds":[64],"overhead":[65],"on":[66],"system":[68],"level.":[69],"Time-domain":[70],"architectures":[71],"exploiting":[72],"VCO-based":[73],"gaining":[76],"popularity":[77],"several":[79],"attractive":[80],"merits,":[81],"low-voltage":[84],"compatibility,":[85],"high-gain":[86],"integration,":[87],"quantization,":[89],"dynamic":[92],"element":[93],"matching":[94],"(DEM).":[95],"However,":[96],"existing":[97],"exhibit":[99],"few":[101],"drawbacks.":[102],"Firstly,":[103],"achieving":[104],"high":[105],"quantizer":[106,138],"resolution":[107],"is":[108,133,139],"challenging,":[109],"it":[111,147,164],"requires":[112,148],"exponential":[113],"growth":[114],"of":[115,168],"complexity":[117],"(e.g.,":[118],"VCO":[119],"tap":[120],"numbers":[121],"or":[122],"free-running":[123],"frequency),":[124],"similar":[125],"flash/slope":[127],"ADCs.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"DEM":[132],"often":[134],"forfeited":[135],"if":[136],"counting":[137],"[4]\u2013[7].":[141],"Secondly,":[142],"when":[143],"multiple":[145],"VCOs,":[146],"back-and-forth":[149],"time-to-voltage":[150],"mapping,":[151],"causing":[152],"extra":[153],"power":[154],"errors.":[156],"While":[157],"MASH":[158],"can":[159],"alleviate":[160],"these":[161],"issues":[162],"[8],":[163],"introduces":[165],"problem":[167],"noise-leakage":[169],"due":[170],"analog-digital":[172],"filter":[173],"mismatch.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
