{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396918670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10529104","title":"A 7.9 ps Resolution, Multi-Event TDC Using an Ultra-Low Static Phase Error DLL and High Linearity Time Amplifier for dToF Sensors","display_name":"A 7.9 ps Resolution, Multi-Event TDC Using an Ultra-Low Static Phase Error DLL and High Linearity Time Amplifier for dToF Sensors","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396918670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10529104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10529104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10529104","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019762369","display_name":"Xiayu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1421-6745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiayu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013368154","display_name":"Zhaoyang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106710540","display_name":"Chunlin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-0197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083905619","display_name":"Jin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-5648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407397","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-3017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551876","display_name":"Rui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-4989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101864772","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-8043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039575274","display_name":"Zhangming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University,Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education),China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94011976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.7789264917373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.46521782875061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3131825923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23179012537002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2192682921886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07248982787132263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.7789264917373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.46521782875061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3131825923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23179012537002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2192682921886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07248982787132263}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10529104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10529104","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1770802561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62204182,62374123,62134005,62204181,62204184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230962578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023858428","https://openalex.org/W4247324130","https://openalex.org/W2538259895","https://openalex.org/W2126963364","https://openalex.org/W4400804331","https://openalex.org/W2218509615","https://openalex.org/W2051287254","https://openalex.org/W2370937376","https://openalex.org/W171113498","https://openalex.org/W2124661899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SPAD-based":[0],"dToF":[1,33],"sensors":[2,34],"employ":[3],"Time-Correlated":[4],"Single":[5],"Photon":[6],"Counting":[7],"(TCSPC)":[8],"to":[9,26,38,83,189],"accurately":[10],"determine":[11],"the":[12,28,39,60,89,135,191],"ToF":[13],"information.":[14],"The":[15,77,122,194],"multi-event":[16,64,123,148],"time-to-digital":[17],"converter":[18],"(TDC)":[19],"with":[20,66,152,174,207],"low":[21],"dead":[22],"time":[23,107],"is":[24,57,73,80,91,100,139,150,168,187],"crucial":[25],"mitigate":[27],"pile-up":[29],"distortion.":[30],"Similarly,":[31],"linear-mode":[32],"pay":[35],"more":[36],"attention":[37],"TDC":[40,44,65,99,142,149,192,196],"resolution.":[41],"A":[42,63,96,165],"histogramming":[43],"[1]":[45],"has":[46],"achieved":[47,128],"a":[48,67,105,119,147,171,175,198,208],"conversion":[49,68,154,209],"rate":[50,69,155,210],"of":[51,70,211],"14":[52],"GS/s,":[53],"but":[54,134],"its":[55],"resolution":[56,90,98,167,201],"limited":[58,140],"by":[59,129,141,170],"gate":[61],"delay.":[62],"50":[71],"MS/s":[72],"presented":[74],"in":[75,102],"[2].":[76],"linearity":[78,177],"performance":[79],"deteriorated":[81],"due":[82],"only":[84,111],"one":[85,112],"interpolator":[86,162],"used,":[87],"and":[88,156,179],"insufficient":[92],"for":[93],"near":[94],"targets.":[95],"high":[97,153,166,176],"proposed":[101,151,188,195],"[3]":[103],"utilizing":[104],"calibration-free":[106],"amplifier":[108],"(TA),":[109],"whereas":[110],"photon":[113],"event":[114,158],"can":[115,125],"be":[116,127],"quantified":[117],"during":[118],"laser":[120],"cycle.":[121],"scheme":[124],"also":[126],"interleaving":[130],"operation":[131],"[4],":[132],"[5],":[133],"maximum":[136],"events":[137],"number":[138,159],"channels.":[143],"In":[144],"this":[145],"paper,":[146],"unlimited":[157],"using":[160],"an":[161,180],"recycling":[163],"technique.":[164],"realized":[169],"coarse-fine":[172],"interpolation":[173],"TA,":[178],"ultra-low":[181],"static":[182],"phase":[183],"error":[184],"(SPE)":[185],"DLL":[186],"improve":[190],"linearity.":[193],"achieves":[197],"7.9":[199],"ps":[200],"over":[202],"2033.5":[203],"ns":[204],"dynamic":[205],"range":[206],"80":[212],"MS/s.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}