{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396918419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528997","title":"A 10T2C Capacitive SRAM-based Computing-In-Memory Macro with Array-Embedded DAC and Shift-and-Add Functions","display_name":"A 10T2C Capacitive SRAM-based Computing-In-Memory Macro with Array-Embedded DAC and Shift-and-Add Functions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396918419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528997","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039908685","display_name":"Eunhwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4304-0958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eunhwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),Korea","Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004988543","display_name":"Hyunmyung Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1392-9364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunmyung Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),Korea","Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110045339","display_name":"Je\u2010Hun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jehun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Korea","Seoul National University, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085395274","display_name":"Jihoon Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-2697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihoon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Korea","Seoul National University, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114160908","display_name":"Myeongeun Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myeongeun Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Korea","Seoul National University, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003219699","display_name":"Jae\u2010Joon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Korea","Seoul National University, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039908685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7151707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7121748924255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6443911790847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5236446857452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5231229662895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4936002492904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4851427972316742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46483421325683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4522380232810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.41569802165031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.41077476739883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.382127046585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3820117712020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24540665745735168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7121748924255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6443911790847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5236446857452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5231229662895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4936002492904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4851427972316742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46483421325683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4522380232810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.41569802165031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.41077476739883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.382127046585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3820117712020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24540665745735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528997","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319144","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239347125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2212894501","https://openalex.org/W2793465010","https://openalex.org/W3024050170","https://openalex.org/W2109451123","https://openalex.org/W4378977321","https://openalex.org/W1976168335","https://openalex.org/W4308090481","https://openalex.org/W2291633415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Capacitive":[0],"SRAM-based":[1],"analog":[2,108,342],"computing-in-memory":[3],"(A-CIM)":[4],"for":[5,44,70,128],"neural":[6],"network":[7],"processing":[8,45,278],"has":[9,154],"gained":[10],"popularity":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,79,174,222,247,260,304],"its":[14],"high":[15],"energy":[16,55,85,207,243],"efficiency":[17,86],"and":[18,39,54,83,120,140,147,199,206,242,276,363],"linearity":[19],"in":[20,245,386],"multiply-accumulate":[21],"(MAC)":[22],"output":[23],"values":[24],"[1]\u2013[8].":[25],"On":[26],"the":[27,35,52,58,75,81,160,248,262,274,280,286,300,306,310,318,326,346,358,368,381],"other":[28],"hand,":[29],"it":[30,163,170],"is":[31,124],"widely":[32],"acknowledged":[33],"that":[34,127,186,340],"digital-to-analog":[36],"converter":[37,41],"(DAC)":[38],"analog-to-digital":[40],"(ADC)":[42],"required":[43],"of":[46,57,145,250,288,302,309,320,384],"multi-bit":[47,178,269],"input/weight":[48],"(IN/w)":[49],"dominate":[50],"both":[51],"area":[53,82,119,167,205,241,327],"consumption":[56,244],"entire":[59],"CIM":[60,77],"chip.":[61],"To":[62,180,253],"address":[63,254],"these":[64,182,332],"challenges,":[65],"we":[66,184,335],"propose":[67,336],"a":[68,143,176,214],"method":[69],"embedding":[71,156],"DAC/shift-and-add":[72],"functionality":[73,158,188],"into":[74,159],"SRAM":[76,376],"cells":[78,173],"minimize":[80],"enhance":[84],"(Fig.":[87],"1).":[88],"Representative":[89],"DAC":[90,157,187,362],"implementation":[91],"methods":[92],"adopted":[93],"by":[94,229,232,265,267,331,348],"previous":[95,374],"CIMs,":[96],"such":[97],"as":[98,169,296,373],"selecting":[99],"different":[100],"input":[101],"voltages":[102],"from":[103,117],"multiple":[104],"voltage":[105],"sources":[106],"through":[107],"switches":[109,352],"or":[110,316],"using":[111,192],"resistor/capacitor":[112],"ladder-based":[113],"DACs,":[114],"typically":[115,212],"suffer":[116],"large":[118],"power":[121],"consumption.":[122,208],"It":[123],"also":[125],"evident":[126],"practical":[129],"execution,":[130],"various":[131],"on-chip":[132],"low-dropout":[133],"regulators":[134],"not":[135],"covered":[136],"here":[137],"are":[138,226],"essential":[139],"inherently":[141],"consume":[142],"lot":[144],"space":[146],"energy.":[148],"While":[149],"G.":[150],"Shin":[151],"et":[152],"al.[7]":[153],"suggested":[155],"cell":[161,195,370],"array,":[162],"still":[164],"incurs":[165],"substantial":[166],"overhead,":[168],"needs":[171],"two":[172],"represent":[175,305],"single":[177],"input.":[179],"overcome":[181],"issues,":[183],"demonstrate":[185],"can":[189],"be":[190],"implemented":[191],"only":[193,279,350],"one":[194],"with":[196,282,366],"10":[197],"transistors":[198],"2":[200],"capacitors":[201,303],"(10T2C),":[202],"effectively":[203],"reducing":[204,285,380],"Additionally,":[209],"conventional":[210],"A-CIMs":[211],"adopt":[213],"structure":[215,339],"where":[216],"column":[217],"computing-bitline":[218],"(BLc)":[219],"outputs":[220],"corresponding":[221],"each":[223,313],"weight-bit":[224],"position":[225],"processed":[227],"independently":[228],"ADCs,":[230],"followed":[231],"digital":[233],"shift-and-add":[234],"(S&A)":[235],"operations.":[236,290],"However,":[237],"this":[238],"approach":[239],"increases":[240],"proportion":[246],"number":[249,287],"weight":[251],"bits.":[252],"this,":[255],"there":[256],"have":[257,294],"been":[258],"efforts":[259],"alleviate":[261],"burden":[263],"imposed":[264],"ADCs":[266],"performing":[268],"S&A":[270,343,364],"operations":[271,365],"internally":[272],"within":[273,345],"A-CIM":[275,347,377,387],"then":[277],"results":[281],"ADC,":[283],"thereby":[284],"ADC":[289],"These":[291],"methods,":[292],"however,":[293],"limitations,":[295],"they":[297],"either":[298],"require":[299],"addition":[301],"bit":[307],"significance":[308],"weights":[311],"on":[312],"BLc":[314],"[3]\u2013[6],":[315],"necessitate":[317],"use":[319],"additional":[321,355],"dummy":[322],"BLcs":[323],"[7].":[324],"Given":[325],"overhead":[328,383],"challenges":[329],"posed":[330],"prior":[333],"schemes,":[334],"an":[337],"alternative":[338],"implements":[341],"operation":[344],"adding":[349],"simple":[351],"(SWs)":[353],"without":[354],"capacitors.":[356],"Overall,":[357],"proposed":[359],"scheme":[360],"enables":[361],"almost":[367],"same":[369],"array":[371],"size":[372],"capacitive":[375],"designs,":[378],"significantly":[379],"critical":[382],"DAC/ADCs":[385],"designs.":[388]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}