{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396918042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528975","title":"An Analog Neuromorphic On-Chip Training System with IGZO TFT-Based 6T1C 367-State Synaptic Memory Achieving 0.99-R<sup>2</sup> Linearity and 104-Times Enhanced Retention Time","display_name":"An Analog Neuromorphic On-Chip Training System with IGZO TFT-Based 6T1C 367-State Synaptic Memory Achieving 0.99-R<sup>2</sup> Linearity and 104-Times Enhanced Retention Time","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396918042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064880518","display_name":"Minil Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6650-074X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minil Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea","Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062476538","display_name":"Minseong Um","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-3115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseong Um","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea","Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104154551","display_name":"Jongun Won","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongun Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101770294","display_name":"Jaehyeon Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5983-9570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyeon Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006531376","display_name":"Sangjun Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangjun Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,Pyeongtaek,Korea","Samsung Electronics, Pyeongtaek, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,Pyeongtaek,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Pyeongtaek, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112977748","display_name":"Narae Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narae Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656146","display_name":"Sang\u2010Wook Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6301-6550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangwook Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,Suwon,Korea","Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,Suwon,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088806568","display_name":"Sang\u2010Bum Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-3750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangbum Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,Suwon,Korea","Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,Suwon,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042373004","display_name":"Hyung\u2010Min Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-3553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea","Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064880518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4873686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.802750825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.6887115240097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5902979373931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5682403445243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-weight","display_name":"Synaptic weight","score":0.5263636708259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4910142719745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.46031707525253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.418012797832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38635414838790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33936160802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.29968130588531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22245508432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14637118577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14427924156188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07239240407943726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.802750825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.6887115240097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5902979373931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5682403445243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66949984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662043","display_name":"Synaptic weight","level":3,"score":0.5263636708259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4910142719745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.46031707525253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.418012797832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38635414838790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33936160802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29968130588531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22245508432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14637118577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14427924156188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07239240407943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6332625157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020M3F3A2A01081240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092094967","https://openalex.org/W3153604987","https://openalex.org/W4221131761","https://openalex.org/W4289816808","https://openalex.org/W4313325442","https://openalex.org/W4385715281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2804040790","https://openalex.org/W2588565308","https://openalex.org/W2988574309","https://openalex.org/W3163773863","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4386492341","https://openalex.org/W3185707123","https://openalex.org/W4311240529","https://openalex.org/W4297094419","https://openalex.org/W4389044291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"synaptic":[1,41,91,117,140],"devices":[2,42,68,92,131,141],"are":[3],"promising":[4],"for":[5,82,144,155,173],"optimizing":[6],"deep":[7],"neural":[8],"network":[9],"(DNN)":[10],"accelerators.":[11],"Training":[12],"process":[13],"demands":[14],"higher-bit":[15],"weights":[16,154],"and":[17,22,61,74,76,132,166],"inputs,":[18],"requiring":[19,146],"more":[20],"power":[21],"area.":[23],"Many":[24],"studies":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27],"conducted":[28],"to":[29,49,124,164,179],"adopt":[30],"emerging":[31,66,130],"synapses,":[32],"which":[33],"efficiently":[34],"store":[35],"weights.":[36],"With":[37],"multi-bit":[38],"states":[39],"analog":[40,90,182],"using":[43,119],"Si-CMOS,":[44],"training":[45,88,148],"becomes":[46],"challenging":[47],"due":[48],"the":[50,100,105,110,174],"leakage":[51,134],"of":[52],"weight":[53],"values":[54],"as":[55,150],"depicted":[56],"in":[57,86],"Fig.":[58],"1":[59],"(left":[60],"bottom":[62],"right)":[63],"[1].":[64],"Also,":[65],"material-based":[67],"may":[69,77],"suffer":[70],"from":[71],"limited":[72],"linearity":[73,165],"symmetry,":[75],"not":[78,94],"provide":[79],"conductance":[80],"range":[81],"training.":[83],"Prior":[84],"works":[85],"DNN":[87],"with":[89],"were":[93],"fully":[95],"verified":[96],"but":[97,159],"just":[98],"tested":[99],"individual":[101],"device":[102],"rather":[103],"than":[104,128,135],"entire":[106],"array":[107,118],"without":[108],"utilizing":[109],"dedicated":[111,175],"ICs":[112],"[2],":[113],"[3].":[114],"Recently,":[115],"a":[116,171],"IGZO":[120,138],"TFTs":[121],"was":[122],"proposed":[123],"enable":[125],"better":[126],"compatibility":[127],"other":[129],"lower":[133],"Si-CMOS":[136],"[4\u20136].":[137],"TFT-based":[139],"hold":[142],"promise":[143],"applications":[145],"extended":[147],"periods":[149],"they":[151,160],"can":[152],"maintain":[153],"much":[156],"longer":[157],"time,":[158],"face":[161],"challenges":[162],"related":[163],"symmetry.":[167],"Furthermore,":[168],"there":[169],"is":[170],"need":[172],"wide-range":[176],"high-precision":[177],"circuits":[178],"hamess":[180],"these":[181],"memory":[183],"features.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}