{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396918386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528962","title":"A 65nm 3mA 0.14-m-Accuracy TDR Based Leak Detection SoC for District Heating Networks with I/C Calibration Technique","display_name":"A 65nm 3mA 0.14-m-Accuracy TDR Based Leak Detection SoC for District Heating Networks with I/C Calibration Technique","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396918386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022574340","display_name":"Yarallah Koolivand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yarallah Koolivand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University,Denmark","KNT, University of Technology, Iran","Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNT, University of Technology, Iran","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035105499","display_name":"Alireza Mosalmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-8529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Mosalmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University,Denmark","Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021208899","display_name":"Yasser Rezaeiyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-820X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasser Rezaeiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University,Denmark","Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098446642","display_name":"Hossein Esmailbeygi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Esmailbeygi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University,Denmark","Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098579598","display_name":"Elham Hatamzadeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Hatamzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University,Denmark","Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079420724","display_name":"Milad Zamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Zamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University,Denmark","Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043716992","display_name":"Farshad Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-8545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farshad Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University,Denmark","Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.6237278580665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5199507474899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5155827403068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leak","display_name":"Leak","score":0.4971063435077667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.4755256474018097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4508960247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4394957423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.428516685962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.41689518094062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40009889006614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.34012314677238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30838286876678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.287932813167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24844515323638916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.6237278580665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5199507474899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5155827403068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349983","display_name":"Leak","level":2,"score":0.4971063435077667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4755256474018097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4508960247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4394957423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.428516685962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.41689518094062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40009889006614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.34012314677238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30838286876678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.287932813167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24844515323638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicc60959.2024.10528962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0e790b6a-7bf3-42f1-92a8-b97452772d29","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/0e790b6a-7bf3-42f1-92a8-b97452772d29","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Koolivand, Y, Mosalmani, A, Rezaeiyan, Y, Esmailbeygi, H, Hatamzadeh, E, Zamani, M & Moradi, F 2024, A 65nm 3mA 0.14-m-Accuracy TDR Based Leak Detection SoC for District Heating Networks with I/C Calibration Technique. in 2024 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC). IEEE, 44th Annual IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, CICC 2024, Denver, United States, 21/04/2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/CICC60959.2024.10528962","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213206896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140036717","https://openalex.org/W2091193607","https://openalex.org/W2035752977","https://openalex.org/W2597922112","https://openalex.org/W2084512058","https://openalex.org/W2022839116","https://openalex.org/W2249658485","https://openalex.org/W2139934557","https://openalex.org/W4253129285","https://openalex.org/W2157700289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"Domain":[1],"Reflectometry":[2],"(TDR)":[3],"is":[4,27,89,136,177,202,209,215,232],"a":[5,24,30,44,56,70,160,172,188,196,219,226,235,247,254,263,267],"technique":[6],"employed":[7],"in":[8,17,59,72,111,143,159,187,195,204,246],"the":[9,51,60,67,73,80,93,98],"detection":[10],"and":[11,82,114,156,174,222,241,244,269],"localization":[12],"of":[13,66,86,92,101,170,277],"water":[14],"leaks,":[15],"particularly":[16],"district":[18,278],"heating":[19,279],"networks.":[20,280],"In":[21,228],"this":[22,164,229],"method,":[23],"2-wire":[25],"sensor":[26,208],"utilized":[28],"along":[29],"twin-pipe":[31,161],"insulated":[32],"with":[33,53,166],"low":[34],"electrical":[35],"permittivity":[36],"materials":[37],"<tex":[38,63],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[39,64],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\varepsilon_{\\mathrm{r}}\\approx":[40],"1)$</tex>":[41],"to":[42,97,132,139,211,225],"form":[43],"transmission":[45],"line":[46],"(TL).":[47],"A":[48],"leak":[49],"saturates":[50],"insulation":[52],"moisture,":[54],"causing":[55],"distinct":[57],"decrease":[58],"characteristic":[61],"impedance":[62],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\mathrm{Z}_{0})$</tex>":[65],"TL,":[68],"thereby":[69],"change":[71],"reflected":[74,83],"signal.":[75],"The":[76,198,207,250],"temporal":[77],"difference":[78],"between":[79,154,239],"transmitted":[81,223],"signals":[84],"(time":[85],"flight":[87],"(ToF))":[88],"an":[90,122,167,182],"indicator":[91],"leak's":[94],"distance.":[95],"Due":[96,131],"fast":[99],"propagation":[100],"electromagnetic":[102],"waves,":[103],"conventional":[104],"TDR":[105,141,184,251],"devices":[106],"require":[107],"high-speed":[108,119],"ADC,":[109],"resulting":[110],"bulky,":[112],"power-hungry,":[113],"costly":[115],"instruments":[116],"[1].":[117],"Bypassing":[118],"ADCs":[120],"as":[121],"alternative":[123],"approach":[124],"requires":[125],"substantial":[126],"digital":[127],"infrastructure":[128],"[2],":[129],"[3].":[130],"these":[133],"limitations,":[134],"it":[135],"not":[137],"feasible":[138],"use":[140],"systems":[142],"battery-less":[144],"Wireless":[145],"Sensor":[146],"networks":[147],"(WSN)":[148],"powered":[149],"simply":[150],"by":[151,218,234],"temperature":[152],"gradients":[153],"hot":[155,240],"cold":[157,242],"pipes":[158,243],"setup.":[162],"For":[163],"application,":[165],"acceptable":[168],"precision":[169],"0.5m,":[171],"simpler":[173],"cost-effective":[175,271],"implementation":[176],"required.":[178],"This":[179],"paper":[180],"presents":[181],"energy-efficient":[183],"front-end":[185,252],"fabricated":[186],"65nm":[189],"CMOS":[190],"that":[191],"can":[192],"be":[193],"used":[194],"WSN.":[197],"system":[199],"block":[200],"diagram":[201],"shown":[203],"Fig.":[205],"1.":[206],"activated":[210],"collect":[212],"data,":[213],"which":[214],"then":[216],"time-stamped":[217],"host":[220],"MCU,":[221],"wirelessly":[224],"hub/drone.":[227],"system,":[230],"energy":[231],"harvested":[233],"thermoelectric":[236],"module":[237],"connected":[238],"stored":[245],"1F":[248],"supercapacitor.":[249],"achieves":[253],"remarkable":[255],"0.14m":[256],"accuracy":[257],"while":[258],"drawing":[259],"only":[260],"3mA":[261],"from":[262],"2.5V":[264],"supply,":[265],"offering":[266],"faster":[268],"more":[270],"solution":[272],"for":[273],"smart":[274],"continuous":[275],"monitoring":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}