{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376133983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc57935.2023.10121218","title":"A 100 MHz-Reference, 10.3-to-11.1 GHz Quadrature PLL with 33.7-fsrms Jitter and -83.9 dBc Reference Spur Level using a -130.8 dBc/Hz Phase Noise at 1MHz offset Folded Series-Resonance VCO in 65nm CMOS","display_name":"A 100 MHz-Reference, 10.3-to-11.1 GHz Quadrature PLL with 33.7-fsrms Jitter and -83.9 dBc Reference Spur Level using a -130.8 dBc/Hz Phase Noise at 1MHz offset Folded Series-Resonance VCO in 65nm CMOS","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376133983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc57935.2023.10121218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc57935.2023.10121218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc57935.2023.10121218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449691","display_name":"Shiwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-608X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074494245","display_name":"Wei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Research Institute of Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086243413","display_name":"Haikun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haikun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024848339","display_name":"Hongzhuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-7025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102830887","display_name":"Shiyan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4347-505X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070858334","display_name":"Pingda Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-3300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingda Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052727227","display_name":"Baoyong Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoyong Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100449691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89773274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.9853283762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.8285396099090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.8271101117134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spur","display_name":"Spur","score":0.6452133655548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6420959234237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.4451969265937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.40493640303611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3581000566482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31425151228904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24055883288383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15486526489257812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.9853283762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.8285396099090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.8271101117134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779821383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581537","display_name":"Spur","level":2,"score":0.6452133655548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6420959234237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4451969265937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40493640303611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3581000566482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31425151228904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24055883288383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15486526489257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc57935.2023.10121218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc57935.2023.10121218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055590175","https://openalex.org/W2326419276","https://openalex.org/W2741635764","https://openalex.org/W3015520279","https://openalex.org/W4220825384","https://openalex.org/W4226257562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2242079364","https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W1994021281","https://openalex.org/W2139484866","https://openalex.org/W2776212486","https://openalex.org/W2049525097","https://openalex.org/W2964943829","https://openalex.org/W2516063142","https://openalex.org/W2372909716","https://openalex.org/W2326560183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"State-of-the-art":[0],"high-performance":[1],"transceivers":[2],"and":[3,38,46,60,292,319],"data":[4],"converters":[5],"face":[6],"the":[7,15,61,85,89,109,112,122,132,144,148,165,208,222,277,301,305,310,320],"urgent":[8],"need":[9],"for":[10,131,229],"clock":[11,115],"jitter":[12,28,35,45,59,106,291,322],"values":[13],"in":[14,126,140,205,216,238,245,262],"range":[16],"of":[17,21,88,111,136,147,187,304],"a":[18,54,103,250,283],"few":[19],"tens":[20],"femtoseconds.":[22],"To":[23,300],"achieve":[24,211],"such":[25,78],"an":[26,98],"ultra-low":[27,44,212,279],"characteristic,":[29],"existing":[30],"PLLs":[31,79,93],"with":[32,43,57,72,159,257,286],"sub-60fs":[33],"RMS":[34,105],"require":[36],"expensive":[37],"bulky":[39],"external":[40],"reference":[41,91,114,295,329],"clocks":[42],"high":[47,68],"output":[48],"frequency.":[49],"For":[50],"example,":[51],"[1]":[52],"presents":[53,102],"CMOS":[55,230,233,255,314],"PLL":[56,107,285,323],"51.7-fSms":[58],"adopted":[62],"crystal":[63],"oscillator":[64,167,235],"frequency":[65],"is":[66,94,192,298],"as":[67,69,214,260],"500":[70],"MHz":[71,328],"$175":[73],"\\mathrm{~mW}$":[74],"power":[75,130],"consumption.":[76],"When":[77],"are":[80],"put":[81],"into":[82],"actual":[83],"use,":[84],"overall":[86],"cost":[87],"high-quality":[90],"based":[92],"considerably":[95],"high.":[96],"As":[97,138],"alternative,":[99],"this":[100,120,307],"paper":[101,248],"sub40fs":[104],"without":[108],"necessity":[110],"demanding":[113],"Fig.1":[116,141,263],"(top":[117],"right).":[118,265],"In":[119],"case,":[121],"key":[123],"point":[124],"lies":[125],"how":[127],"to":[128,173,210,276],"exchange":[129],"extremely":[133],"superior":[134],"performance":[135],"VCO.":[137],"shown":[139,215,261],"(bottom":[142,219,264],"left),":[143],"phase":[145,270,280,312],"noise(PN)":[146],"multi-core":[149,166],"oscillators":[150,162],"can":[151],"be":[152,227],"scaled":[153],"down":[154],"by":[155],"$10":[156],"\\log":[157],"(\\mathrm{N})$":[158],"N":[160],"coupled":[161],"[2].":[163],"However,":[164,221],"suffers":[168],"from":[169,272],"synchronization":[170],"issues":[171],"due":[172],"mismatch":[174],"between":[175],"each":[176],"core,":[177],"which":[178],"limits":[179],"further":[180],"PN":[181],"improvement,":[182],"particularly":[183],"considering":[184],"large":[185],"quantity":[186],"cores.":[188],"Large":[189],"silicon":[190],"area":[191],"another":[193],"major":[194],"drawback":[195],"[3].":[196],"The":[197],"series":[198,253],"resonance":[199,254],"VCO":[200,256,315],"adopting":[201,324],"BiCMOS":[202],"technology":[203],"reported":[204,237,309],"[4]":[206],"has":[207,241],"potential\u201d":[209],"PN,":[213],"Fig.":[217],"1":[218],"middle).":[220],"circuit":[223],"topology":[224],"might":[225],"not":[226,242],"feasible":[228],"technology.":[231],"A":[232],"series-tank":[234],"was":[236],"[5]":[239],"but":[240],"yet":[243],"proved":[244],"silicon.":[246],"This":[247],"proposes":[249],"folded":[251],"transformer-based":[252],"quadrature":[258],"output,":[259],"It":[266],"achieves":[267],"-130.8dBc/Hz@1MHz":[268],"measured":[269],"noise":[271,281,313],"10.6":[273],"GHz.":[274],"Thanks":[275],"proposed":[278],"VCO,":[282],"10.3-to-11.1GHz":[284],"$33.7":[287],"\\mathrm{fs}":[288],"m":[289],"\\mathrm{~ms}$":[290],"-83.9":[293],"dBc":[294],"spur":[296],"level":[297],"achieved.":[299],"best":[302],"knowledge":[303],"authors,":[306],"work":[308],"lowest":[311,321],"at":[316],"similar":[317],"frequencies":[318],"less":[325],"than":[326],"200":[327],"clock.":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
