{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280533641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc53496.2022.9772781","title":"A 177 TOPS/W, Capacitor-based In-Memory Computing SRAM Macro with Stepwise-Charging/Discharging DACs and Sparsity-Optimized Bitcells for 4-Bit Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"A 177 TOPS/W, Capacitor-based In-Memory Computing SRAM Macro with Stepwise-Charging/Discharging DACs and Sparsity-Optimized Bitcells for 4-Bit Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280533641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc53496.2022.9772781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc53496.2022.9772781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc53496.2022.9772781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608585","display_name":"2022 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335319","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7863-9168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University,USA","Columbia University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110952916","display_name":"Jyotishman Saikia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyotishman Saikia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University,USA","Arizona State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063343008","display_name":"Jian Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-5020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University,USA","Arizona State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101857254","display_name":"Dewei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5970-8144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University,USA","Columbia University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032600967","display_name":"Soonwan Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-0886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598381","display_name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axnyp10","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soonwan Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043215701","display_name":"Sungmeen Myung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598381","display_name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axnyp10","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungmeen Myung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441147","display_name":"Hyunsoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5194-0372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598381","display_name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axnyp10","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunsoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101464208","display_name":"Sang Joon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2286-3790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598381","display_name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axnyp10","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4399598381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007690955","display_name":"Jae-sun Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-sun Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University,USA","Arizona State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050497188","display_name":"Mingoo Seok","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingoo Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University,USA","Columbia University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.9902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99680084,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7925685048103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7563983201980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7459210157394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.7011927962303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6817193031311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6682583093643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6274092197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5491840243339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4747013449668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44681763648986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41850265860557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3670065999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35051560401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3134554922580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.285764217376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.16576755046844482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7925685048103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7563983201980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7459210157394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.7011927962303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6817193031311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6682583093643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6274092197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5491840243339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4747013449668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44681763648986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41850265860557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3670065999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35051560401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3134554922580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.285764217376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.16576755046844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc53496.2022.9772781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc53496.2022.9772781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608585","display_name":"2022 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657880117","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W1001352512","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W1987128138","https://openalex.org/W2161636646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Capacitor-based":[0],"in-memory":[1],"computing":[2],"(IMC)":[3],"SRAM":[4],"has":[5],"recently":[6],"gained":[7],"significant":[8],"attention":[9],"as":[10],"it":[11],"achieves":[12],"high":[13],"energy-efficiency":[14,33],"for":[15],"deep":[16],"convolutional":[17],"neural":[18],"networks":[19],"(DCNN)":[20],"and":[21,34,57,61],"robustness":[22],"against":[23],"PVT":[24],"variations":[25],"[1],":[26],"[3],":[27],"[7],":[28],"[8].":[29],"To":[30],"further":[31],"improve":[32],"robustness,":[35],"we":[36],"identify":[37],"two":[38],"places":[39],"of":[40],"bottleneck":[41],"in":[42],"prior":[43],"capacitive":[44],"IMC":[45],"works,":[46],"namely":[47],"(i)":[48],"input":[49],"drivers":[50],"(or":[51],"digital-to-analog":[52],"converters,":[53],"DACs)":[54],"which":[55,66],"charge":[56],"discharge":[58],"various":[59],"capacitors,":[60],"(ii)":[62],"analog-to-digital":[63],"converters":[64],"(ADCs)":[65],"convert":[67],"analog":[68],"voltage/current":[69],"signals":[70],"into":[71],"digital":[72],"values.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
