{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2740075313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2017.7993609","title":"Energy efficient and ultra low voltage security circuits for nanoscale CMOS technologies","display_name":"Energy efficient and ultra low voltage security circuits for nanoscale CMOS technologies","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2740075313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2017.7993609","mag":"2740075313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2017.7993609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2017.7993609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039276616","display_name":"Sanu Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-7533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanu Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075692568","display_name":"Sudhir Satpathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhir Satpathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078003656","display_name":"Vikram Suresh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-1967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikram Suresh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074107306","display_name":"Ram Krishnamurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-7099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram K. Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Circuits Research Lab, Hillsboro, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039276616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60888201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7052421569824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6766304969787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6591836214065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.5659353733062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4914013147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41637665033340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/datapath","display_name":"Datapath","score":0.41558313369750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3870534896850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35465675592422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2974398732185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19963416457176208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7052421569824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6766304969787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6591836214065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.5659353733062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4914013147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41637665033340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633673","display_name":"Datapath","level":2,"score":0.41558313369750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3870534896850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35465675592422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2974398732185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19963416457176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629872","display_name":"Arbiter","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2017.7993609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2017.7993609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608381594","https://openalex.org/W2001067488","https://openalex.org/W2010205010","https://openalex.org/W2017500042","https://openalex.org/W2109309427","https://openalex.org/W2114972738","https://openalex.org/W2162136091","https://openalex.org/W2551854001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109699519","https://openalex.org/W2006568360","https://openalex.org/W102726818","https://openalex.org/W4233616027","https://openalex.org/W2059591361","https://openalex.org/W970262775","https://openalex.org/W4244724753","https://openalex.org/W2535673728","https://openalex.org/W1972081536","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-area":[0],"energy-efficient":[1],"security":[2,60],"primitives":[3],"are":[4],"key":[5,139],"building":[6],"blocks":[7],"for":[8,62],"enabling":[9],"end-to-end":[10],"content":[11],"protection,":[12],"user":[13],"authentication,":[14],"and":[15,29,50,68,80,129,158],"consumer":[16],"confidentiality":[17],"in":[18,59,65,82,106,144,174],"the":[19],"IoT":[20],"world":[21],"that":[22,39],"is":[23,74],"estimated":[24],"to":[25,54,121,133,161,172],"surpass":[26],"50billion":[27],"smart":[28],"connected":[30],"devices":[31],"by":[32,125],"2020.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"describes":[36],"design":[37],"approaches":[38],"blend":[40],"energy":[41,57,142],"efficient":[42],"circuit":[43,116],"techniques":[44,132],"with":[45,76,140,165],"optimal":[46],"accelerator":[47,97],"microarchitecture":[48],"datapath,":[49],"hardware":[51],"friendly":[52],"arithmetic":[53],"achieve":[55,162],"ultra-low":[56],"consumption":[58,143],"platforms":[61],"seamless":[63],"adoption":[64],"area/battery":[66],"constrained":[67],"self-powered":[69],"systems.":[70],"Industry":[71],"leading":[72],"energy-efficiency":[73,101,168],"demonstrated":[75],"three":[77],"designs,":[78],"fabricated":[79],"measured":[81,167],"advanced":[83],"process":[84],"technologies":[85],":":[86],"1)":[87],"A":[88,149],"2040-gate":[89],"arithmetically":[90],"optimized":[91],"composite":[92],"field":[93],"Sbox":[94],"based":[95],"AES":[96],"achieves":[98],"289Gbps/W":[99],"peak":[100],"while":[102,169],"offering":[103],"432Mbps":[104],"throughput":[105],"22nm":[107,145],"trigate":[108],"CMOS,":[109],"2)":[110],"Hybrid":[111],"Physically":[112],"Unclonable":[113],"Function":[114],"(PUF)":[115],"leverages":[117],"burn-in":[118],"induced":[119],"aging":[120],"reduce":[122],"bit-error,":[123],"followed":[124],"temporal-majority-voting,":[126],"dark-bit":[127],"masking,":[128],"error-correction":[130],"conditioning":[131],"generate":[134],"a":[135],"100%":[136],"stable":[137],"full-entropy":[138],"190fJ/bit":[141],"tri-gate":[146,176],"CMOS.":[147,177],"3)":[148],"light-weight":[150],"all":[151],"digital":[152],"TRNG":[153],"uses":[154],"in-line":[155],"correlation":[156],"suppressor":[157],"entropy-extractor":[159],"circuits":[160],">0.99":[163],"min-entropy":[164],"3pJ/bit":[166],"operating":[170],"down":[171],"300mV":[173],"14nm":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}