{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984140971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2014.6946130","title":"Mixed-signal stochastic computation demonstrated in an image sensor with integrated 2D edge detection and noise filtering","display_name":"Mixed-signal stochastic computation demonstrated in an image sensor with integrated 2D edge detection and noise filtering","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984140971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2014.6946130","mag":"1984140971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2014.6946130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2014.6946130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 2014 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110074219","display_name":"David Fick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Fick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067061774","display_name":"Gyouho Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyouho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063910577","display_name":"Allan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-1610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035213479","display_name":"David Blaauw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Blaauw","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000767141","display_name":"Dennis Sylvester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Sylvester","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110074219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89526945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6851114630699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.671416699886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5393490791320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4766415059566498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4648650288581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.44598686695098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44598567485809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.41895225644111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.29762083292007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.28339678049087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2824298143386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2729441523551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22118964791297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10984241962432861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6851114630699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.671416699886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5393490791320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4766415059566498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4648650288581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.44598686695098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44598567485809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.41895225644111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.29762083292007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.28339678049087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2824298143386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2729441523551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22118964791297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10984241962432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2014.6946130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2014.6946130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 2014 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098470668","https://openalex.org/W2112750055","https://openalex.org/W2265600187","https://openalex.org/W4238557399","https://openalex.org/W6693267364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2944239605","https://openalex.org/W1873415836","https://openalex.org/W2139783875","https://openalex.org/W4200290804","https://openalex.org/W4312469487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,61],"work":[2],"we":[3,63],"describe":[4],"mixed-signal":[5],"stochastic":[6,48],"computing":[7,49],"(MSSC)":[8],"and":[9,54,69,82],"demonstrate":[10,60],"how":[11],"it":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14,91],"used":[15],"to":[16,41,90],"efficiently":[17],"integrate":[18],"computation":[19,29],"into":[20],"a":[21,96],"signal":[22],"path":[23],"before":[24],"data":[25],"conversion.":[26],"MSSC":[27,40,65,86],"performs":[28],"directly":[30],"on":[31],"the":[32,43,51,70],"analog":[33,57],"values":[34],"output":[35],"by":[36],"sensors,":[37],"which":[38],"enables":[39],"combine":[42],"area":[44],"efficiency":[45],"of":[46,56],"traditional":[47,97],"with":[50],"information":[52],"density":[53],"performance":[55],"computation.":[58],"To":[59],"technology":[62],"integrated":[64],"between":[66],"pixel":[67],"bitlines":[68],"ADC":[71],"in":[72,77],"an":[73],"image":[74],"sensor,":[75],"enabling":[76],"situ":[78],"latency-free":[79],"edge":[80],"detection":[81],"noise":[83],"filtering.":[84],"The":[85],"implementation":[87,100],"is":[88],"found":[89],"2.75\u00d7":[92],"lower":[93,105],"power":[94],"than":[95],"digital":[98],"synthesis":[99],"while":[101],"simultaneously":[102],"requiring":[103],"5\u00d7":[104],"area.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
