{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142343368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2008.4672193","title":"A 2.4GHz, 20dBm class-D PA with single-bit digital polar modulation in 90nm CMOS","display_name":"A 2.4GHz, 20dBm class-D PA with single-bit digital polar modulation in 90nm CMOS","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142343368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2008.4672193","mag":"2142343368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2008.4672193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2008.4672193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078636699","display_name":"Jason T. Stauth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-5023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason T. Stauth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111529982","display_name":"Seth R. Sanders","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth R. Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9406493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":null,"first_page":"737","last_page":"740"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predistortion","display_name":"Predistortion","score":0.8506805896759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5946002006530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.540223240852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.531213641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.48129716515541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.4326101541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3755273222923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.3424564301967621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2269485592842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22587436437606812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778587875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239686","display_name":"Predistortion","level":4,"score":0.8506805896759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5946002006530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.540223240852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.531213641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.48129716515541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.4326101541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3755273222923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.3424564301967621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2269485592842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22587436437606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2008.4672193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2008.4672193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118952169","https://openalex.org/W1971259602","https://openalex.org/W2086364230","https://openalex.org/W2101055757","https://openalex.org/W2106589079","https://openalex.org/W2117258276","https://openalex.org/W2133992548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540210237","https://openalex.org/W2122608075","https://openalex.org/W2050609909","https://openalex.org/W2166364183","https://openalex.org/W2001465617","https://openalex.org/W4328010791","https://openalex.org/W2161051577","https://openalex.org/W2160527488","https://openalex.org/W2359577182","https://openalex.org/W4385624847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polar":[0],"transmitters":[1],"are":[2,19],"a":[3,44],"promising":[4],"alternative":[5],"to":[6,22,25,35],"traditional":[7],"Cartesian":[8],"architectures":[9],"in":[10,49],"terms":[11],"of":[12,60,78,85,92,106],"flexibility":[13],"and":[14,28,31,38,89,102,110],"power":[15,84],"efficiency.":[16],"Such":[17],"systems":[18],"often":[20],"difficult":[21],"implement":[23],"due":[24],"wideband":[26],"amplitude":[27,54],"phase":[29],"signals":[30],"may":[32],"require":[33,100],"predistortion":[34],"meet":[36],"EVM":[37],"spectral":[39,115],"requirements.":[40],"This":[41],"work":[42],"demonstrates":[43],"highly-linear":[45],"digital-polar":[46],"system":[47,97],"implemented":[48],"90":[50],"nm":[51],"CMOS.":[52],"The":[53,72,96,114],"is":[55,66,120],"controlled":[56],"with":[57,68],"pulse-density":[58],"modulation":[59],"the":[61,69,86,93],"RF":[62,70],"carrier.":[63],"Phase":[64],"information":[65],"provided":[67],"clock.":[71],"class-D":[73],"PA":[74,87],"achieves":[75,103],"peak":[76],"efficiency":[77],"38.5%":[79],"at":[80],"2.4":[81],"GHz,":[82],"including":[83],"drivers":[88],"insertion":[90],"loss":[91],"bandpass":[94],"filter.":[95],"does":[98],"not":[99],"predistortion,":[101],"rms-EVM":[104],"levels":[105],"1.8-2.1%":[107],"for":[108,117],"pi/4DQPSK":[109],"8DPSK":[111],"test":[112],"vectors.":[113],"mask":[116],"Bluetooth":[118],"2.1+EDR":[119],"satisfied":[121],"under":[122],"normal":[123],"operating":[124],"conditions.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
