{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1607821725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2003.1249357","title":"Cyclone /spl trade/: a low-cost, high-performance FPGA","display_name":"Cyclone /spl trade/: a low-cost, high-performance FPGA","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1607821725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2003.1249357","mag":"1607821725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2003.1249357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2003.1249357","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 2003 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036033566","display_name":"Paul Leventis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Leventis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002579826","display_name":"John Costello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-9999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Costello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070704694","display_name":"Mark Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103571471","display_name":"Michael Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020081385","display_name":"David Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-4644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, Toronto, ON, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011854027","display_name":"B. Nouban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Nouban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023618252","display_name":"Giles Powell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Powell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015241349","display_name":"B. Vest","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Vest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051416944","display_name":"Florence Mei Fung Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9544-2607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090348157","display_name":"Ruiyang Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22433950","display_name":"Altera (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017b7j426","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036033566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22433950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75689827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratix","display_name":"Stratix","score":0.905482292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8188776969909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclone","display_name":"Cyclone (programming language)","score":0.7459662556648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6959474086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.606604278087616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"Cost reduction","score":0.5607812404632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5180513858795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5109352469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-array-logic","display_name":"Programmable Array Logic","score":0.4963696599006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4653962552547455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.45960429310798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3485162854194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-synthesis","display_name":"Logic synthesis","score":0.2769973874092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.2266763150691986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-family","display_name":"Logic family","score":0.09483775496482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08517110347747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07579696178436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05823713541030884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22074755","display_name":"Stratix","level":3,"score":0.905482292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8188776969909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777864850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79598","display_name":"Cyclone (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.7459662556648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6959474086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.606604278087616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.5607812404632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5180513858795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5109352469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113323844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378651","display_name":"Programmable Array Logic","level":5,"score":0.4963696599006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4653962552547455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.45960429310798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3485162854194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.2769973874092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.2266763150691986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162454741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173359","display_name":"Logic family","level":4,"score":0.09483775496482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08517110347747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07579696178436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05823713541030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicc.2003.1249357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2003.1249357","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 2003 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966573088","https://openalex.org/W2007049691","https://openalex.org/W2038318386","https://openalex.org/W2050973642","https://openalex.org/W6663191752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509155667","https://openalex.org/W2518118925","https://openalex.org/W3208151864","https://openalex.org/W1564576805","https://openalex.org/W4254372399","https://openalex.org/W2491784425","https://openalex.org/W2424214691","https://openalex.org/W2462919681","https://openalex.org/W2418552007","https://openalex.org/W938986225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3],"Altera":[4],"Cyclone/spl":[5],"trade/":[6,39],"FPGA,":[7],"an":[8],"architecture":[9],"specifically":[10],"designed":[11],"for":[12],"low-cost,":[13],"high-volume":[14],"applications.":[15],"An":[16],"optimized":[17],"routing":[18],"architecture,":[19],"simplified":[20],"I/O":[21],"structure,":[22],"and":[23],"carefully":[24],"selected":[25],"features":[26],"combine":[27],"to":[28,36],"yield":[29],"a":[30,37,46],"57%":[31],"die":[32],"size":[33],"reduction":[34,48],"relative":[35],"Stratix/spl":[38],"device":[40],"of":[41],"similar":[42],"logic":[43],"density,":[44],"with":[45],"7%":[47],"in":[49],"performance.":[50]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
