{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986494260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicare.2013.6583064","title":"Efficient clinical decision making by learning from missing clinical data","display_name":"Efficient clinical decision making by learning from missing clinical data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986494260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicare.2013.6583064","mag":"1986494260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicare.2013.6583064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicare.2013.6583064","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Healthcare and e-health (CICARE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043009740","display_name":"Kamran Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Science and Mathematics Division, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","Comput. Sci. & Math. Div., Univ. of Stirling, Stirling, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Science and Mathematics Division, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. & Math. Div., Univ. of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101813778","display_name":"Peipei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1106-7062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peipei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Nat. Lab. of Pattern Recognition, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Lab. of Pattern Recognition, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062211930","display_name":"Amir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Science and Mathematics Division, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","Comput. Sci. & Math. Div., Univ. of Stirling, Stirling, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Science and Mathematics Division, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. & Math. Div., Univ. of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026022035","display_name":"Kaizhu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3034-9639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaizhu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Nat. Lab. of Pattern Recognition, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Lab. of Pattern Recognition, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052863636","display_name":"Calum A. MacRae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calum MacRae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA","Harvard Med. Sch., Brigham & Women's Hosp., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Med. Sch., Brigham & Women's Hosp., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062842867","display_name":"Chris Eckl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111894","display_name":"RAFT Solutions (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/018a3we97","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111894"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Eckl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sitekit Solutions Limited, Skye, UK","Sitekit Solutions Ltd., Portree, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sitekit Solutions Limited, Skye, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sitekit Solutions Ltd., Portree, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111894"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038462994","display_name":"Warner V. Slack","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warner Slack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beth Israel Clinical Informatics Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","Med. Sch., Beth Israel Clinical Inf. Div., Harvard Univ., Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beth Israel Clinical Informatics Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Med. Sch., Beth Israel Clinical Inf. Div., Harvard Univ., Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043009740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85043749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"113","issue":null,"first_page":"27","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.8590184450149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6989233493804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6931963562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6435846090316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4943077564239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4832668900489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.47102007269859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43236297369003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"Statistical inference","score":0.41918885707855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3483329117298126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.8590184450149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6989233493804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6931963562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6435846090316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4943077564239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4832668900489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.47102007269859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43236297369003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.41918885707855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3483329117298126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cicare.2013.6583064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cicare.2013.6583064","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Healthcare and e-health (CICARE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:1793136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1793136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173153572","https://openalex.org/W1989351691","https://openalex.org/W2009687589","https://openalex.org/W2010743963","https://openalex.org/W2019109450","https://openalex.org/W2068543773","https://openalex.org/W2097356963","https://openalex.org/W2108300325","https://openalex.org/W2110148421","https://openalex.org/W2111315965","https://openalex.org/W2128221272","https://openalex.org/W2157577400","https://openalex.org/W2163354148","https://openalex.org/W2334748255","https://openalex.org/W2491061016","https://openalex.org/W4256032882","https://openalex.org/W6607187322","https://openalex.org/W6679317373","https://openalex.org/W6684293963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380150146","https://openalex.org/W3024870410","https://openalex.org/W2410652950","https://openalex.org/W4283773154","https://openalex.org/W137830373","https://openalex.org/W3000984192","https://openalex.org/W2103073163","https://openalex.org/W4286952477","https://openalex.org/W4321348134","https://openalex.org/W4387929287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"decision":[1,30,66],"making":[2,5],"frequently":[3],"involves":[4],"decisions":[6],"under":[7],"uncertainty":[8,51],"because":[9],"of":[10,79,91,123,148,181,194,205],"missing":[11,56,81,137,202],"key":[12,80],"patient":[13,96],"data":[14,97,138,168,204],"(e.g,":[15],"demographics,":[16],"episodic":[17],"and":[18,37,42,75,143,163,172,197],"clinical":[19,29,43,50,57,70,82,203],"diagnosis":[20],"details)":[21],"-":[22,109],"this":[23,49,85,116],"information":[24],"is":[25],"essential":[26],"for":[27,191,198],"modern":[28],"support":[31],"systems":[32],"to":[33,47,62,113,126,134,144],"perform":[34],"learning,":[35],"inference":[36],"prediction":[38],"operations.":[39],"Machine":[40],"learning":[41,53,92,152],"informatics":[44],"experts":[45],"aim":[46],"reduce":[48],"by":[52],"from":[54,93,99,105,155,166],"the":[55,64,89,110,156,179,192,201],"attributes":[58],"with":[59,115,136,200],"a":[60,106,140,146],"view":[61],"improve":[63],"overall":[65],"making.":[67],"These":[68],"high-dimensional":[69],"datasets":[71],"are":[72,120],"often":[73],"complex":[74],"carry":[76],"multifaceted":[77],"patterns":[78],"attributes.":[83],"In":[84],"paper":[86],"we":[87],"highlight":[88],"problem":[90],"incomplete":[94],"real":[95],"acquired":[98],"Raigmore":[100],"Hospital":[101],"in":[102,169],"Scotland,":[103],"UK)":[104],"statistical":[107,141,150],"perspective":[108],"likelihood-based":[111,157],"approach":[112],"deal":[114,135],"challenging":[117,149],"issue.":[118],"There":[119],"multiple":[121],"benefits":[122],"our":[124],"approach:":[125],"complement":[127],"existing":[128],"SVM":[129],"(Support":[130],"Vector":[131],"Machine)":[132],"techniques":[133,190],"within":[139],"framework,":[142],"illustrate":[145],"set":[147],"machine":[151],"algorithms,":[153],"derived":[154],"framework":[158],"that":[159],"handles":[160],"clustering,":[161],"classification,":[162],"function":[164],"approximation":[165],"missing/incomplete":[167],"an":[170],"intelligent":[171],"resourceful":[173],"manner.":[174],"Our":[175],"work":[176],"concentrates":[177],"on":[178],"implementation":[180],"mixture":[182,195],"modelling":[183],"algorithms":[184],"as":[185,187],"well":[186],"utilising":[188],"Expectation-Maximization":[189],"estimation":[193],"components":[196],"dealing":[199],"chest":[206],"pain":[207],"patients.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
