{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414648854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb66090.2025.11177096","title":"Closed-Loop Brain-Controlled Exoskeleton System with a Hybrid Model for Stroke Rehabilitation","display_name":"Closed-Loop Brain-Controlled Exoskeleton System with a Hybrid Model for Stroke Rehabilitation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414648854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb66090.2025.11177096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cibcb66090.2025.11177096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb66090.2025.11177096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034403218","display_name":"Yu\u2010Wei Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shi-Yong Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Yong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103157933","display_name":"Po\u2010Hsun Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-8547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107330","display_name":"Powertech Technology (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c7pa495","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107330"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Hsun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITRI,Service Systems Technology Center (SSTC),Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITRI,Service Systems Technology Center (SSTC),Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000300982","display_name":"Chia\u2010Hsin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-9848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hsin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaohsiung Medical University,Department of Medicine,Kaohsiung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaohsiung Medical University,Department of Medicine,Kaohsiung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102967751","display_name":"Zhiting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-4772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802587341","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02xmkec90","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802587341"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Kaohsiung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Kaohsiung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802587341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101943542","display_name":"Yuzhen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-1578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802587341","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02xmkec90","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802587341"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Zhen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Kaohsiung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Kaohsiung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802587341"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064879657","display_name":"Li\u2010Wei Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2529-3391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Wei Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034403218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31830268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8704000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"Motor control","score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sitting","display_name":"Sitting","score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-stroke","display_name":"Chronic stroke","score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powered-exoskeleton","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8704000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.761900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.5806000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776370487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144593","display_name":"Sitting","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018579778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Chronic stroke","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45391945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938523","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019108329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751327","display_name":"Movement control","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510101","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989058681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1179623","display_name":"Motor impairment","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499784838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7060553","display_name":"Muscular system","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989316616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Lower limb","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776377089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864329","display_name":"Biofeedback","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cibcb66090.2025.11177096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb66090.2025.11177096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001383996","https://openalex.org/W2010314431","https://openalex.org/W2049836987","https://openalex.org/W2098093064","https://openalex.org/W2134730834","https://openalex.org/W2204442912","https://openalex.org/W2513420276","https://openalex.org/W2900802277","https://openalex.org/W2937398392","https://openalex.org/W2948669902","https://openalex.org/W2993247352","https://openalex.org/W3022003141","https://openalex.org/W3189152770","https://openalex.org/W4232958085","https://openalex.org/W4286587846","https://openalex.org/W4315436028"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stroke":[0],"(Cerebrovascular":[1],"Accident,":[2],"CVA)":[3],"is":[4,56,165],"one":[5],"of":[6,72,133,200,238],"the":[7,10,19,49,57,140,146,158,162,177,195,219,227,232,235,249],"diseases":[8],"with":[9],"greatest":[11],"impact":[12],"on":[13,97,114],"human":[14],"health,":[15],"particularly":[16],"due":[17,89],"to":[18,83,90,119,256],"neurological":[20],"dysfunctions":[21],"that":[22,48,176,207],"often":[23],"follow,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"upper":[27],"or":[28],"lower":[29],"limb":[30],"paralysis,":[31],"foot":[32],"drop,":[33],"muscle":[34,213],"weakness,":[35],"and":[36,74,93,136,150,170,189,197,215,226,252,262],"cognitive":[37],"impairment,":[38],"which":[39,63],"significantly":[40],"affect":[41],"patients'":[42],"daily":[43],"lives.":[44],"Existing":[45],"research":[46],"indicates":[47],"first":[50],"three":[51],"months":[52],"after":[53],"a":[54,69,108,128],"stroke":[55,79],"\"golden":[58],"period\"":[59],"for":[60],"treatment,":[61],"during":[62,187],"rehabilitation":[64,87,99,121,163],"training":[65,88,188],"can":[66,94,179],"greatly":[67],"improve":[68],"patient's":[70],"quality":[71],"life":[73],"promote":[75],"neuroplasticity.":[76],"However,":[77],"some":[78],"patients":[80,144,182,208],"are":[81],"unable":[82],"engage":[84],"in":[85,122,157,183,194,212,242],"active":[86],"physical":[91],"limitations":[92],"only":[95],"rely":[96],"passive":[98],"methods.":[100],"To":[101],"address":[102],"this":[103,105],"issue,":[104],"study":[106,126,220,233],"proposes":[107],"closed-loop":[109,137,159],"brain-controlled":[110,129,239],"exoskeleton":[111,130,240],"system":[112,131,178],"based":[113],"brain-computer":[115],"interface":[116],"(BCI)":[117],"technology":[118],"enhance":[120],"post-stroke":[123,243],"patients.":[124],"This":[125],"designed":[127],"consisting":[132],"open-loop":[134,141],"control":[135,142,145,186],"feedback.":[138],"In":[139],"stage,":[143,161],"exoskeleton's":[147],"standing,":[148],"walking,":[149],"sitting":[151],"commands":[152],"through":[153,167],"electroencephalogram":[154],"(EEG)":[155],"signals;":[156],"feedback":[160],"effect":[164],"evaluated":[166],"brainwave":[168],"analysis":[169],"clinical":[171,203,260],"evaluation.":[172],"Experimental":[173],"results":[174,205],"demonstrate":[175],"effectively":[180],"assist":[181],"regaining":[184],"motor":[185],"elicit":[190],"significant":[191],"neurophysiological":[192],"responses":[193],"preparation":[196],"execution":[198],"stages":[199],"movement.":[201],"Additionally,":[202],"evaluation":[204],"showed":[206],"made":[209],"notable":[210],"progress":[211],"strength":[214],"functional":[216],"recovery.":[217],"Although":[218],"sample":[221,250],"size":[222,251],"was":[223,230],"small":[224],"(n=3)":[225],"treatment":[228],"period":[229],"short,":[231],"highlights":[234],"potential":[236],"application":[237],"systems":[241],"rehabilitation.":[244],"Future":[245],"studies":[246],"should":[247],"expand":[248],"include":[253],"long-term":[254,263],"follow-up":[255],"further":[257],"assess":[258],"its":[259],"feasibility":[261],"effects.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}