{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1509439158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinasip.2015.7230397","title":"Abnormal detection in crowded scenes via kernel based direct density ratio estimation","display_name":"Abnormal detection in crowded scenes via kernel based direct density ratio estimation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1509439158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinasip.2015.7230397","mag":"1509439158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/chinasip.2015.7230397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinasip.2015.7230397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (ChinaSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077826217","display_name":"Yie\u2010Tarng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yie-Tarng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111446401","display_name":"Wen\u2010Hsien Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Hsien Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103219408","display_name":"Chih-Yuan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-776X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Yuan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119751839","display_name":"Kaiwen Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3558-9371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Wen Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077826217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84966936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":null,"first_page":"230","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.8203704357147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7241618037223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.671377956867218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6598474979400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6335160732269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6314826607704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.6211044788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5738983154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cube","display_name":"Cube (algebra)","score":0.538478434085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49105143547058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.4715103209018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.46515852212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.4390299320220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.368721067905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34726816415786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2293696105480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16522228717803955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.8203704357147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7241618037223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.671377956867218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6598474979400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6335160732269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6314826607704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.6211044788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5738983154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53051483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861555","display_name":"Cube (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.538478434085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49105143547058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.4715103209018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.46515852212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.4390299320220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.368721067905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34726816415786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2293696105480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16522228717803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/chinasip.2015.7230397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinasip.2015.7230397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (ChinaSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1967456674","https://openalex.org/W1983103633","https://openalex.org/W1987509889","https://openalex.org/W2012931101","https://openalex.org/W2062291443","https://openalex.org/W2097363716","https://openalex.org/W2122361470","https://openalex.org/W2142125366","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162616721","https://openalex.org/W2163612318","https://openalex.org/W2164261375","https://openalex.org/W2164489414","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W3143144647","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6681310799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396766241","https://openalex.org/W1482149696","https://openalex.org/W2583877436","https://openalex.org/W2406935090","https://openalex.org/W2144201579","https://openalex.org/W4240479520","https://openalex.org/W3123419490","https://openalex.org/W2977337932","https://openalex.org/W4311428604","https://openalex.org/W4251895760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,89],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,24,128,139],"new":[4,152],"inlier-based":[5],"outlier":[6],"detection":[7],"scheme":[8],"for":[9,56],"the":[10,21,31,39,45,51,60,70,80,94,110,115,122,151,162],"analysis":[11],"of":[12,26,41,47,72,83,112,124,157],"abnormal":[13],"behavior":[14],"in":[15,96,131],"crowded":[16],"scenes.":[17],"First,":[18],"we":[19,134,148],"segment":[20],"video":[22],"into":[23],"set":[25],"cubes,":[27],"and":[28,50,74,117,127],"then":[29,136],"extract":[30],"three":[32],"feature":[33,58],"descriptors":[34],"from":[35],"each":[36,57,125,132],"cube,":[37,133],"including":[38],"histogram":[40,46],"oriented":[42],"gradients":[43],"(HOG),":[44],"motion":[48,52],"directions,":[49],"magnitude":[53],"descriptors.":[54],"Thereafter,":[55],"descriptor":[59,126],"Kullback-Leibler":[61],"importance":[62,103,123],"estimation":[63],"procedure":[64],"(KLIEP)":[65],"is":[66],"employed":[67],"to":[68,78,92],"compute":[69],"ratio":[71],"test":[73,116],"training":[75,118],"densities,":[76],"referred":[77],"as":[79],"importance,":[81],"instead":[82],"computing":[84],"these":[85],"two":[86],"densities":[87],"separately.":[88],"allows":[90],"us":[91],"avoid":[93],"difficulty":[95],"estimating":[97],"complex":[98],"probability":[99],"density":[100],"estimation.":[101],"The":[102],"denotes":[104],"an":[105,142],"inlier":[106],"score":[107],"which":[108],"represents":[109],"degree":[111],"similarity":[113],"between":[114],"data.":[119],"Based":[120],"on":[121,161],"prespecified":[129],"threshold":[130],"can":[135],"identify":[137],"if":[138],"cube":[140],"contains":[141],"anomaly":[143],"event.":[144],"Through":[145],"computer":[146],"simulations,":[147],"find":[149],"that":[150],"approach":[153],"provides":[154],"high":[155],"accuracy":[156],"localization":[158],"rate":[159],"based":[160],"widespread":[163],"UCSD":[164],"datasets":[165],"compared":[166],"with":[167],"previous":[168],"works.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}