{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2428113183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2015.7498050","title":"PSO-based vertical beamforming for 3D massive MIMO systems in 5G","display_name":"PSO-based vertical beamforming for 3D massive MIMO systems in 5G","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2428113183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2015.7498050","mag":"2428113183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/chinacom.2015.7498050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2015.7498050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 10th International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083918663","display_name":"Yuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["RCDCT, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCDCT, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100926134","display_name":"Shaozhen Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaozhen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["RCDCT, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCDCT, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083918663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1973,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62278244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"819","last_page":"823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8630527257919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.7538988590240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.751239538192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6767911911010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6533593535423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6440738439559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5931835770606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.5483428239822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.47981858253479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4340517520904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4237064719200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4158129096031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4067908823490143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.32398325204849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22105398774147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16601479053497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.1477486491203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11918467283248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09089776873588562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8630527257919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.7538988590240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.751239538192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6767911911010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6533593535423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6440738439559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5931835770606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.5483428239822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.47981858253479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4340517520904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4237064719200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4158129096031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4067908823490143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.32398325204849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22105398774147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16601479053497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.1477486491203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11918467283248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09089776873588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/chinacom.2015.7498050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2015.7498050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 10th International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498590550","https://openalex.org/W1583092705","https://openalex.org/W1979218721","https://openalex.org/W1993051364","https://openalex.org/W1999955092","https://openalex.org/W2022953159","https://openalex.org/W2092877250","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2108662631","https://openalex.org/W2112225694","https://openalex.org/W2114393037","https://openalex.org/W2118547276","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2129943291","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W6629824669","https://openalex.org/W6644989607","https://openalex.org/W6650697483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W2601693592","https://openalex.org/W4200589288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,43,72],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"consider":[4],"the":[5,9,40,53,58,88,91,96,101,105,110,114,119,125,130,139,147,167],"vertical":[6,27,60,80],"beamforming":[7,28,81],"in":[8,86],"downlink":[10],"of":[11,42,57,98,129],"a":[12,74,154,163],"three":[13],"dimensional":[14],"(3D)":[15],"massive":[16],"multiple-input":[17],"multiple-output":[18],"(MIMO)":[19],"system.":[20],"Two":[21],"beams":[22],"are":[23,93,107],"partitioned":[24],"through":[25],"dynamic":[26],"with":[29,162],"two":[30,59],"specific":[31,36],"downtilts.":[32],"Taking":[33],"these":[34],"users'":[35],"downtilts":[37,56,92],"into":[38],"consideration,":[39],"objective":[41],"scheme":[44],"is":[45,84],"to":[46,63,109,133,145],"maximize":[47,146],"cell":[48,115,156],"spectral":[49,116,157],"efficiency":[50,117,158],"by":[51,95,166],"adjusting":[52],"powers":[54,89],"and":[55,67,90,100,127],"beams,":[61],"subject":[62],"BS":[64],"power":[65],"consumption":[66],"downtilt":[68],"constraints.":[69],"To":[70],"solve":[71],"problem,":[73],"particle":[75],"swarm":[76],"optimization":[77,82],"(PSO)":[78],"based":[79],"algorithm":[83],"proposed,":[85],"which":[87],"represented":[94],"positions":[97,126],"particles;":[99],"update":[102],"direction":[103],"guided":[104],"movement":[106],"mapped":[108],"velocity.":[111],"We":[112],"define":[113],"as":[118],"fitness":[120,148],"function.":[121,149],"By":[122],"iteratively":[123],"updating":[124],"velocities":[128],"particles":[131],"according":[132],"some":[134],"principles":[135],"considering":[136],"all":[137],"constrains,":[138],"optimum":[140],"solution":[141],"can":[142,159],"be":[143,160],"obtained":[144],"Simulation":[150],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"high":[155],"achieved":[161],"low":[164],"complexity":[165],"proposed":[168],"algorithm.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}