{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138165103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo51591.2021.9370321","title":"Compiling Graph Applications for GPU s with GraphIt","display_name":"Compiling Graph Applications for GPU s with GraphIt","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138165103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo51591.2021.9370321","mag":"3138165103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cgo51591.2021.9370321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo51591.2021.9370321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046807118","display_name":"Ajay Brahmakshatriya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-4186"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Brahmakshatriya","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102790106","display_name":"Yunming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-5580"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027442506","display_name":"Changwan Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-8374"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changwan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039453861","display_name":"Shoaib Kamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-3717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoaib Kamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051583907","display_name":"Julian Shun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-6625"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Shun","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046791216","display_name":"Saman Amarasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-7643"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saman Amarasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046807118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85534314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"248","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8892395496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6731599569320679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5760666728019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.49170905351638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.47941988706588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.44738414883613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.44645512104034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.43776363134384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.4249309003353119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-synthesis","display_name":"High-level synthesis","score":0.4213818311691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.41442224383354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.4124146103858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.328509658575058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22090044617652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.19947436451911926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8892395496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6731599569320679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5760666728019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.49170905351638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.47941988706588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.44738414883613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.44645512104034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.43776363134384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.4249309003353119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58013763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754574","display_name":"High-level synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4213818311691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41442224383354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.4124146103858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.328509658575058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22090044617652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.19947436451911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cgo51591.2021.9370321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo51591.2021.9370321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3636379132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0018947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7746697352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-17-2-0126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7809439052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1845763","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306089","display_name":"American Diabetes Association","ror":"https://ror.org/04f6cgz95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78077100","https://openalex.org/W1476041289","https://openalex.org/W1504291959","https://openalex.org/W1543897857","https://openalex.org/W1593868476","https://openalex.org/W1783256592","https://openalex.org/W1788180225","https://openalex.org/W1832683484","https://openalex.org/W1896160955","https://openalex.org/W1945708402","https://openalex.org/W1955594754","https://openalex.org/W1957118585","https://openalex.org/W1965830721","https://openalex.org/W1976692187","https://openalex.org/W1992476323","https://openalex.org/W2000041758","https://openalex.org/W2034102265","https://openalex.org/W2035080386","https://openalex.org/W2038497593","https://openalex.org/W2042545849","https://openalex.org/W2053076698","https://openalex.org/W2056116767","https://openalex.org/W2057112598","https://openalex.org/W2079274727","https://openalex.org/W2080098453","https://openalex.org/W2100218206","https://openalex.org/W2104329103","https://openalex.org/W2107173440","https://openalex.org/W2107251158","https://openalex.org/W2109473404","https://openalex.org/W2116721352","https://openalex.org/W2119407198","https://openalex.org/W2170616854","https://openalex.org/W2232813226","https://openalex.org/W2294347342","https://openalex.org/W2295258302","https://openalex.org/W2409430164","https://openalex.org/W2430299817","https://openalex.org/W2461193710","https://openalex.org/W2511364592","https://openalex.org/W2523378841","https://openalex.org/W2524623326","https://openalex.org/W2546973305","https://openalex.org/W2572767837","https://openalex.org/W2581090187","https://openalex.org/W2604520577","https://openalex.org/W2604668004","https://openalex.org/W2606413522","https://openalex.org/W2619040869","https://openalex.org/W2718955078","https://openalex.org/W2730999914","https://openalex.org/W2751581470","https://openalex.org/W2766910786","https://openalex.org/W2767104566","https://openalex.org/W2788981395","https://openalex.org/W2790789009","https://openalex.org/W2792524085","https://openalex.org/W2798525482","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2883156110","https://openalex.org/W2897644843","https://openalex.org/W2898231337","https://openalex.org/W2899106831","https://openalex.org/W2904797948","https://openalex.org/W2912007486","https://openalex.org/W2914631005","https://openalex.org/W2914894107","https://openalex.org/W2915012400","https://openalex.org/W2927576984","https://openalex.org/W2935056433","https://openalex.org/W2950537538","https://openalex.org/W2951113132","https://openalex.org/W2957866012","https://openalex.org/W2962812689","https://openalex.org/W2962865652","https://openalex.org/W2963921057","https://openalex.org/W2986726791","https://openalex.org/W3008451639","https://openalex.org/W3021182071","https://openalex.org/W3098650335","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W4253426709","https://openalex.org/W4295180119","https://openalex.org/W6603201521","https://openalex.org/W6628787939","https://openalex.org/W6635451513","https://openalex.org/W6638233953","https://openalex.org/W6638659379","https://openalex.org/W6639805184","https://openalex.org/W6640656190","https://openalex.org/W6640836205","https://openalex.org/W6675917842","https://openalex.org/W6697195335","https://openalex.org/W6714748476","https://openalex.org/W6727469013","https://openalex.org/W6756007819","https://openalex.org/W6756807608"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W170547082","https://openalex.org/W2136735429","https://openalex.org/W2379153735","https://openalex.org/W2587876411","https://openalex.org/W2358332176","https://openalex.org/W4399354997","https://openalex.org/W4229950834","https://openalex.org/W1587123803","https://openalex.org/W2964115305","https://openalex.org/W1596861545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59],"performance":[1,124,140,193],"of":[2,14,23,30,52,115,157,220,239,297],"graph":[3,159,287],"programs":[4],"depends":[5],"highly":[6],"on":[7,125,141,260,267,294],"the":[8,10,15,21,24,45,67,71,101,133,147,154,206,218,237,240,244,254,292,298],"algorithm,":[9],"size":[11],"and":[12,54,74,117,144,168,185,202,231,246,263,270,275,290],"structure":[13],"input":[16,265],"graphs,":[17],"as":[18,20],"well":[19,37],"features":[22],"underlying":[25],"hardware.":[26],"No":[27],"single":[28],"set":[29,51,114],"optimizations":[31,53,118],"or":[32],"one":[33],"hardware":[34,55],"platform":[35],"works":[36],"across":[38],"all":[39],"settings.":[40],"To":[41],"achieve":[42,122],"high":[43,123,139],"performance,":[44],"programmer":[46,68],"must":[47,97],"carefully":[48],"select":[49],"which":[50],"platforms":[56],"to":[57,69,99,121,132,204,228,251,281],"use.":[58],"GraphIt":[60,85,134],"programming":[61],"language":[62,109,167],"makes":[63],"it":[64,76,278],"easy":[65],"for":[66,77,90,94,209,233],"write":[70],"algorithm":[72,103,149],"once":[73],"optimize":[75],"different":[78,113],"inputs":[79],"using":[80,146],"a":[81,107,163],"scheduling":[82,166],"language.":[83],"However,":[84],"currently":[86],"has":[87],"no":[88],"support":[89],"generating":[91],"highperformance":[92],"code":[93],"GPUs.":[95,126,210],"Programmers":[96],"resort":[98],"re-implementing":[100],"entire":[102],"from":[104],"scratch":[105],"in":[106,119],"low-level":[108],"with":[110,162],"an":[111,130],"entirely":[112],"abstractions":[116],"order":[120],"We":[127,257],"propose":[128],"G2,":[129],"extension":[131],"compiler":[135,169],"framework,":[136],"that":[137,170,225,277],"achieves":[138,279],"both":[142,268],"CPUs":[143],"GPUs":[145],"same":[148],"specification.":[150],"G2":[151,189,259],"significantly":[152],"expands":[153],"optimization":[155,207],"space":[156,208],"GPU":[158,165,286],"processing":[160,183,288],"frameworks":[161],"novel":[164],"enables":[171],"combining":[172],"load":[173,199,213],"balancing,":[174],"edge":[175],"traversal":[176],"direction,":[177],"active":[178,181],"vertexset":[179,182],"creation,":[180],"ordering,":[184],"kernel":[186],"fusion":[187],"optimizations.":[188],"also":[190],"introduces":[191],"two":[192],"optimizations,":[194],"Edge-based":[195],"Thread":[196],"Warps":[197],"CTAs":[198,232],"balancing":[200,214],"(ETWC)":[201],"EdgeBlocking,":[203],"expand":[205],"ETWC":[211],"improves":[212,236],"by":[215,242],"dynamically":[216],"partitioning":[217],"edges":[219,245],"each":[221],"vertex":[222],"into":[223],"blocks":[224],"are":[226],"assigned":[227],"threads,":[229],"warps,":[230],"execution.":[234],"EdgeBlocking":[235],"locality":[238],"program":[241],"reordering":[243],"restricting":[247],"random":[248],"memory":[249],"accesses":[250],"fit":[252],"within":[253],"L2":[255],"cache.":[256],"evaluate":[258],"5":[261],"algorithms":[262],"9":[264],"graphs":[266],"Pascal":[269],"Volta":[271],"generation":[272],"NVIDIA":[273],"GPUs,":[274],"show":[276],"up":[280],"5.11\u00d7":[282],"speedup":[283],"over":[284],"state-of-the-art":[285],"frameworks,":[289],"is":[291],"fastest":[293],"66":[295],"out":[296],"90":[299],"experiments.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}