{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253180115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo.2019.8661202","title":"Smokestack: Thwarting DOP Attacks with Runtime Stack Layout Randomization","display_name":"Smokestack: Thwarting DOP Attacks with Runtime Stack Layout Randomization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253180115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo.2019.8661202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cgo.2019.8661202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo.2019.8661202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045919596","display_name":"Misiker Tadesse Aga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Misiker Tadesse Aga","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113456715","display_name":"Todd Austin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Austin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81143152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"26","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8283022046089172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.6617928743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6437580585479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spec#","display_name":"Spec#","score":0.5539016723632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-flow-diagram","display_name":"Data flow diagram","score":0.4456419050693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43952110409736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.32730767130851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2829155921936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1622869074344635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8283022046089172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.6617928743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6437580585479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778565505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207566","display_name":"Spec#","level":2,"score":0.5539016723632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C489000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747385","display_name":"Data flow diagram","level":2,"score":0.4456419050693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43952110409736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.32730767130851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2829155921936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1622869074344635}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cgo.2019.8661202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgo.2019.8661202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1112477","https://openalex.org/W1429241971","https://openalex.org/W1564219727","https://openalex.org/W1593678010","https://openalex.org/W1922844761","https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W1982778414","https://openalex.org/W2020208333","https://openalex.org/W2035991175","https://openalex.org/W2081768685","https://openalex.org/W2090181646","https://openalex.org/W2098010707","https://openalex.org/W2105349588","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2111927651","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2122757982","https://openalex.org/W2124360577","https://openalex.org/W2132806808","https://openalex.org/W2154555738","https://openalex.org/W2155851497","https://openalex.org/W2168843528","https://openalex.org/W2243712200","https://openalex.org/W2512784977","https://openalex.org/W2523221082","https://openalex.org/W4242926647","https://openalex.org/W4246166885","https://openalex.org/W4299295885","https://openalex.org/W6600040955","https://openalex.org/W6628351959","https://openalex.org/W6635629245","https://openalex.org/W6659319484","https://openalex.org/W6671147960","https://openalex.org/W6673091359","https://openalex.org/W6676126365","https://openalex.org/W6676817380","https://openalex.org/W6678545021","https://openalex.org/W6682526790","https://openalex.org/W6738581211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2298968419","https://openalex.org/W1491094004","https://openalex.org/W4246377515","https://openalex.org/W1549956274","https://openalex.org/W2095925360","https://openalex.org/W2052160877","https://openalex.org/W2052485000","https://openalex.org/W2040778456","https://openalex.org/W2027700796","https://openalex.org/W2143619848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Memory":[0],"corruption":[1],"vulnerabilities":[2,20],"in":[3,15,25],"type-unsafe":[4],"languages":[5],"are":[6],"often":[7],"exploited":[8],"to":[9,21,28,53,57,75,97,113,162],"perform":[10],"a":[11,121,140,169],"control-flow":[12,42,105,110],"hijacking":[13],"attack,":[14],"which":[16],"an":[17,165],"attacker":[18],"uses":[19],"corrupt":[22,58,76],"control":[23,31],"data":[24,60,70,79,95],"the":[26,33,36,103,145],"program":[27],"eventually":[29],"gain":[30],"over":[32],"execution":[34],"of":[35,41,144,173],"program.":[37],"However,":[38],"widespread":[39],"adoption":[40],"attack":[43],"defenses":[44],"such":[45,87],"as":[46,88],"Control-flow":[47],"Integrity":[48],"(CFI)":[49],"has":[50],"led":[51],"attackers":[52],"exploit":[54],"memory":[55],"errors":[56],"non-control":[59,94],"that":[61,125,164,186],"can":[62,72,126,188],"not":[63],"be":[64,73],"detected":[65],"by":[66],"these":[67,115],"defenses.":[68],"Non-control":[69],"attacks":[71,86,96,191],"used":[74],"security":[77],"critical":[78],"or":[80],"leak":[81],"sensitive":[82],"information.":[83],"Moreover,":[84],"recent":[85],"data-oriented":[89],"programming":[90],"(DOP)":[91],"have":[92],"generalized":[93],"achieve":[98],"Turing-complete":[99],"computation":[100],"capabilities":[101],"within":[102],"programmer-specified":[104],"graph,":[106],"leaving":[107],"previously":[108],"proposed":[109],"protections":[111],"unable":[112],"stop":[114,189],"attacks.In":[116],"this":[117],"paper,":[118],"we":[119,151],"present":[120],"stack-layout":[122],"randomization":[123],"scheme":[124],"effectively":[127],"thwart":[128],"DOP":[129,190],"attacks.":[130],"Our":[131,176],"approach,":[132],"called":[133],"Smokestack,":[134],"provides":[135],"each":[136],"function":[137],"invocation":[138,171],"with":[139,157,192],"randomly":[141],"permuted":[142],"ordering":[143],"local":[146],"stack":[147],"organization.":[148],"In":[149],"addition,":[150],"utilize":[152],"true-random":[153],"value":[154],"sources":[155],"combined":[156],"disclosure-resistant":[158],"pseudo-random":[159],"number":[160],"generation":[161],"ensure":[163],"adversary":[166],"cannot":[167],"anticipate":[168],"function-s":[170],"permutation":[172],"automatic":[174],"variables.":[175],"evaluation":[177],"on":[178],"SPEC":[179],"benchmarks":[180],"and":[181],"various":[182],"real-world":[183],"applications":[184],"shows":[185],"Smokestack":[187],"minimal":[193],"overhead.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
