{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1552880964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgi.2004.1309200","title":"Spatio-temporal photon density estimation using bilateral filtering","display_name":"Spatio-temporal photon density estimation using bilateral filtering","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1552880964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgi.2004.1309200","mag":"1552880964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cgi.2004.1309200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgi.2004.1309200","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Computer Graphics International, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026110715","display_name":"Markus Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-0382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042077347","display_name":"M. Milch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Milch","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005460704","display_name":"Karol Myszkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-4141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Myszkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067328148","display_name":"Kirill Dmitriev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-8804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Dmitriev","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080630128","display_name":"P. S. Rokita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-2133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Rokita","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105697746","display_name":"Hans\u2010Peter Seidel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-P. Seidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI Informatik, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"120","last_page":"127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.4848112165927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.481598824262619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4547530710697174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44495099782943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4148615896701813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31486549973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21501928567886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.13862955570220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.09162315726280212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.4848112165927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.481598824262619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4547530710697174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44495099782943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4148615896701813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31486549973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21501928567886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.13862955570220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09162315726280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cgi.2004.1309200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cgi.2004.1309200","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Computer Graphics International, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:231366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/231366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics International (CGI 2004), IEEE, 120-127 (2004)","raw_type":"Conference-Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:231920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/231920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics International (CGI 2004), IEEE, 120-127 (2004)","raw_type":"Conference-Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1329829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B40-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 Computer Graphics International Conference","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:1552880964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2137178097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1309200/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417965","display_name":"Computer Graphics International","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Computer Graphics International","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535835519","https://openalex.org/W1781099918","https://openalex.org/W1976745274","https://openalex.org/W2045717113","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2145313871","https://openalex.org/W2164857658","https://openalex.org/W2241107334","https://openalex.org/W2244684328","https://openalex.org/W2998590421","https://openalex.org/W4242723867","https://openalex.org/W6628768308","https://openalex.org/W6676463960","https://openalex.org/W6682266937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2400010923","https://openalex.org/W2899010313","https://openalex.org/W895913269","https://openalex.org/W2788002711","https://openalex.org/W2846837696","https://openalex.org/W2061314649","https://openalex.org/W3076533843","https://openalex.org/W83041014","https://openalex.org/W2334905731","https://openalex.org/W2189174373","https://openalex.org/W2289502071","https://openalex.org/W2804853253","https://openalex.org/W2188279901","https://openalex.org/W2565112590","https://openalex.org/W2907102578","https://openalex.org/W2071047879","https://openalex.org/W2626374978","https://openalex.org/W3093515649","https://openalex.org/W2896954077","https://openalex.org/W1990311970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photon":[0],"tracing":[1],"and":[2,13,69,90],"density":[3,21,57],"estimation":[4,22],"are":[5,85,91],"well":[6],"established":[7],"techniques":[8,23],"in":[9,66,75,99,103,107],"global":[10],"illumination":[11],"computation":[12],"rendering":[14],"of":[15,47,58,80],"high-quality":[16,111],"animation":[17,118],"sequences.":[18],"Using":[19],"traditional":[20],"it":[24],"is":[25,64,106,120],"difficult":[26],"to":[27,96,124],"remove":[28],"stochastic":[29,88],"noise":[30,89],"inherent":[31],"for":[32,50,110],"photon-based":[33],"methods":[34],"while":[35],"avoiding":[36],"overblurring":[37],"lighting":[38,51,81,104],"details.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41,83],"paper":[42],"we":[43],"investigate":[44],"the":[45,55,73],"use":[46],"bilateral":[48,126],"filtering":[49,63,94,127],"reconstruction":[52],"based":[53],"on":[54],"local":[56],"photon":[59],"hit":[60],"points.":[61],"Bilateral":[62,93],"applied":[65],"spatio-temporal":[67],"domain":[68],"provides":[70],"control":[71],"over":[72],"level-of-details":[74],"reconstructed":[76],"lighting.":[77],"All":[78],"changes":[79],"below":[82],"level":[84],"treated":[86],"as":[87],"suppressed.":[92],"proves":[95],"be":[97],"efficient":[98],"preserving":[100],"sharp":[101],"features":[102],"which":[105],"particular":[108],"important":[109],"caustic":[112],"reconstruction.":[113],"Also,":[114],"flickering":[115],"between":[116],"subsequent":[117],"frames":[119],"substantially":[121],"reduced":[122],"due":[123],"extending":[125],"into":[128],"temporal":[129],"domain.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}