{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2931490846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ceec.2018.8674194","title":"Convolutional Neural Network for Ethnicity Classification using Ocular Region in Mobile Environment","display_name":"Convolutional Neural Network for Ethnicity Classification using Ocular Region in Mobile Environment","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2931490846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ceec.2018.8674194","mag":"2931490846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ceec.2018.8674194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ceec.2018.8674194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072058317","display_name":"Ahmad Saeed Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75421653","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City","ror":"https://ror.org/01w0d5g70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Saeed Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016121540","display_name":"Jabir Alshehabi Al-Ani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-2538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jabir Alshehabi Al-Ani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex United Kingdom, Colchester"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex United Kingdom, Colchester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072058317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75744879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"293","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8582363128662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7631781101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.6483867764472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6330562829971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5296841859817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4194461405277252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39360421895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3710135817527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.096133291721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.0763234794139862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8582363128662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7631781101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.6483867764472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6330562829971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5296841859817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4194461405277252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39360421895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3710135817527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.096133291721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0763234794139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ceec.2018.8674194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ceec.2018.8674194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ray.yorksj.ac.uk:7561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8674194/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400356","display_name":"Research at York St John (York St John University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124246371","host_organization_name":"York St John University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124246371"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1029607174","https://openalex.org/W1522973599","https://openalex.org/W1977524502","https://openalex.org/W2020937129","https://openalex.org/W2035941890","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2148461049","https://openalex.org/W2217289705","https://openalex.org/W2567601052","https://openalex.org/W2585413016","https://openalex.org/W2586009546","https://openalex.org/W2596351948","https://openalex.org/W2621721028","https://openalex.org/W2745191645","https://openalex.org/W2767937170","https://openalex.org/W3016640984","https://openalex.org/W6631255387","https://openalex.org/W6644635864","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6775586287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W4300873085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"Phones":[1],"are":[2],"the":[3,9,31,39,67,93,104,108,129,166],"most":[4],"widely":[5],"spread":[6],"devices":[7],"over":[8],"world.":[10],"Many":[11],"people":[12],"rely":[13],"on":[14,54,175],"their":[15],"phones":[16],"to":[17,51,71,86,170],"store":[18],"sensitive":[19],"data":[20],"like":[21],"financial,":[22],"personal,":[23],"or":[24],"even":[25],"private":[26],"photos":[27],"for":[28],"family.":[29],"Thus,":[30],"security":[32,53],"in":[33,73,161],"mobile":[34,55,74,176],"environment":[35,56],"became":[36],"one":[37],"of":[38,107,122,138,152,154,159],"essential":[40],"needs":[41],"nowadays.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46,61],"presented":[47],"a":[48,81,119,135,142,150],"new":[49],"approach":[50],"support":[52],"using":[57],"ethnicity":[58],"biometric.":[59],"Accordingly,":[60],"present":[62],"six":[63],"different":[64,89],"models":[65,69,77,132],"that":[66],"squeezed":[68,130],"competes":[70],"work":[72,171],"environment.":[75,177],"These":[76],"were":[78],"designed":[79],"as":[80,99],"convolutional":[82],"Neural":[83],"Network":[84],"(CNN)":[85],"classify":[87],"five":[88],"ethnicities":[90],"after":[91],"choosing":[92],"desired":[94],"Region":[95],"Of":[96],"Interest":[97],"(ROI)":[98],"extended":[100],"ocular":[101],"region":[102],"from":[103],"facial":[105],"images":[106],"standard":[109],"dataset":[110],"FERET.":[111],"The":[112,146],"highest":[113],"performance":[114],"CNN":[115,131],"model":[116,168],"(Model-02)":[117],"had":[118],"classification":[120,136],"accuracy":[121,137],"98.35%":[123],"with":[124,140,157],"25,":[125],"941":[126],"parameters":[127,155],"while":[128],"(Model-05)":[133,169],"shows":[134],"97.35%":[139],"just":[141],"8,":[143],"117":[144],"parameters.":[145],"reported":[147],"results":[148],"indicated":[149],"gain":[151],"68.7%":[153],"reduction":[156],"0.52%":[158],"loss":[160],"accuracy.":[162],"This":[163],"will":[164],"enable":[165],"proposed":[167],"smoothly":[172],"and":[173],"efficiently":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}