{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566601494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cedem.2016.19","title":"An Examination of Online Electoral Campaigning in Tanzania","display_name":"An Examination of Online Electoral Campaigning in Tanzania","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566601494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cedem.2016.19","mag":"2566601494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cedem.2016.19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cedem.2016.19","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030978744","display_name":"Deodatus Patrick Shayo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-1511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deodatus Patrick Shayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Politics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Politics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043770847","display_name":"Norbert Kersting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-6555"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Kersting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Political Science, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Political Science, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030978744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88259768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-system","display_name":"Presidential system","score":0.7121776342391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6224306225776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.5767493844032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5725622177124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-election","display_name":"Presidential election","score":0.5459949970245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.4932844042778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-campaign","display_name":"Presidential campaign","score":0.4533670246601105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/period","display_name":"Period (music)","score":0.4491536021232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.4357258975505829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.3925589919090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.37708359956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2756020426750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23940855264663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2079710066318512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.1253018081188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.12120690941810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11252307891845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomics","display_name":"Socioeconomics","score":0.08106854557991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.07317745685577393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.7121776342391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6224306225776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.5767493844032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5725622177124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.5459949970245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.4932844042778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994056279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847301","display_name":"Presidential campaign","level":4,"score":0.4533670246601105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.4491536021232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.4357258975505829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3925589919090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.37708359956741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2756020426750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23940855264663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2079710066318512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1253018081188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.12120690941810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11252307891845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08106854557991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.07317745685577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cedem.2016.19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cedem.2016.19","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17456617","https://openalex.org/W1931678900","https://openalex.org/W1969136118","https://openalex.org/W1992128371","https://openalex.org/W1999774168","https://openalex.org/W2050516104","https://openalex.org/W2055391325","https://openalex.org/W2060242573","https://openalex.org/W2078704670","https://openalex.org/W2089067491","https://openalex.org/W2106422427","https://openalex.org/W2145593666","https://openalex.org/W2146585583","https://openalex.org/W2147238366","https://openalex.org/W2156124108","https://openalex.org/W2306833031","https://openalex.org/W2528748895","https://openalex.org/W2563957220","https://openalex.org/W2739245016","https://openalex.org/W2982324771","https://openalex.org/W2982574447","https://openalex.org/W2982618805","https://openalex.org/W4230427681","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2750098082","https://openalex.org/W1971704138","https://openalex.org/W1530462862","https://openalex.org/W2071346091","https://openalex.org/W26798849","https://openalex.org/W2108086933","https://openalex.org/W2368620611","https://openalex.org/W1880401288","https://openalex.org/W3107807032","https://openalex.org/W3156956007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22],"rise":[1],"of":[2,13,18,26,51,62,73,94,126,146],"social":[3],"media":[4],"networks":[5],"(SNS)":[6],"should":[7],"be":[8],"celebrated":[9],"as":[10],"signalling":[11],"era":[12],"online":[14],"campaign":[15,49],"after":[16],"decades":[17],"old-style":[19],"traditional":[20],"campaign.":[21],"first":[23],"wide":[24],"use":[25],"SNS":[27],"for":[28],"mobilising":[29],"voters":[30],"was":[31,114],"by":[32],"President":[33],"Obama":[34],"during":[35],"the":[36,55,60,124,144],"2008":[37],"United":[38],"States":[39],"Presidential":[40],"election.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"examined":[44,67],"a":[45,71,120],"correlation":[46],"between":[47],"Facebook":[48,68,87,117,136,141],"engagements":[50],"presidential":[52,82],"candidates":[53,83,103,133],"in":[54,86,92,143],"2015":[56],"Tanzania":[57],"election":[58],"and":[59,100],"number":[61,93],"votes":[63],"they":[64,90],"garnered.":[65],"We":[66],"pages":[69,137,142],"over":[70],"period":[72],"two":[74],"months.":[75],"Our":[76],"empirical":[77],"findings":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80,132],"some":[81],"participate":[84],"significantly":[85],"campaigning,":[88],"however,":[89],"differ":[91],"followers,":[95],"posts,":[96],"likes,":[97],"shares,":[98],"comments":[99],"votes.":[101,127,147],"Some":[102,109],"were":[104,110,119],"rarely":[105],"exposed":[106],"to":[107,123],"Facebook.":[108],"active.":[111],"Yet":[112],"there":[113],"little":[115],"evidence,":[116],"activities":[118],"game":[121],"changer":[122],"shares":[125,145],"Nonetheless,":[128],"we":[129],"found":[130],"out":[131],"who":[134],"had":[135],"trounced":[138],"those":[139],"without":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}