{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401414240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611814","title":"A Deep Reinforcement Learning Assisted Heuristic for Solving Traveling Salesman Problems","display_name":"A Deep Reinforcement Learning Assisted Heuristic for Solving Traveling Salesman Problems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401414240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611814","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058755242","display_name":"Ye Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ye Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077082704","display_name":"Qinghui Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101707730","display_name":"Shuai Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-8551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108887505","display_name":"Langchun Si","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langchun Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055348839","display_name":"Xingyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-8348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institutes of Physical Science and Information, Anhui University,Hefei,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institutes of Physical Science and Information, Anhui University,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058755242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80915192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.9041932821273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8131445646286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6985471844673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6292739510536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-opt","display_name":"2-opt","score":0.5832747220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traveling-purchaser-problem","display_name":"Traveling purchaser problem","score":0.5703021287918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5223528146743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4941234886646271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20861771702766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18523076176643372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.9041932821273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8131445646286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6985471844673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6292739510536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106472803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291440","display_name":"2-opt","level":3,"score":0.5832747220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4331618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836034","display_name":"Traveling purchaser problem","level":4,"score":0.5703021287918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5223528146743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4941234886646271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20861771702766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18523076176643372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611814","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5798278664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62136008,62276001,U21A20512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8550157199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2308085J03,2208085MF174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668344991","https://openalex.org/W1890961901","https://openalex.org/W1966211620","https://openalex.org/W1990313671","https://openalex.org/W2011222372","https://openalex.org/W2053913299","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2102076751","https://openalex.org/W2144931885","https://openalex.org/W2156737235","https://openalex.org/W2163428398","https://openalex.org/W2607264901","https://openalex.org/W2647779349","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2793329764","https://openalex.org/W2805798351","https://openalex.org/W2891230096","https://openalex.org/W2914393402","https://openalex.org/W2915062141","https://openalex.org/W2922429874","https://openalex.org/W2944956154","https://openalex.org/W2948175577","https://openalex.org/W2948433391","https://openalex.org/W2952332632","https://openalex.org/W2971093758","https://openalex.org/W2979909004","https://openalex.org/W2987288550","https://openalex.org/W2998289593","https://openalex.org/W3047863327","https://openalex.org/W3097232108","https://openalex.org/W3146106549","https://openalex.org/W3194886076","https://openalex.org/W4205585032","https://openalex.org/W4210823377","https://openalex.org/W4245969612","https://openalex.org/W4252801674","https://openalex.org/W4285291536","https://openalex.org/W4295138992","https://openalex.org/W4295745574","https://openalex.org/W4330338267","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6683195989","https://openalex.org/W6725207838","https://openalex.org/W6730742100","https://openalex.org/W6739439883","https://openalex.org/W6748487558","https://openalex.org/W6754582438","https://openalex.org/W6758687306","https://openalex.org/W6760302811","https://openalex.org/W6762840543","https://openalex.org/W6763838503","https://openalex.org/W6767227753","https://openalex.org/W6769975600","https://openalex.org/W6785065334","https://openalex.org/W6802255383","https://openalex.org/W6850693585","https://openalex.org/W6941249815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389782626","https://openalex.org/W2359992618","https://openalex.org/W4376138746","https://openalex.org/W2362402143","https://openalex.org/W2361554335","https://openalex.org/W4220987199","https://openalex.org/W2308371765","https://openalex.org/W2171568915","https://openalex.org/W2265604726","https://openalex.org/W2170228269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"traveling":[1],"salesman":[2],"problem":[3],"(TSP)":[4],"has":[5,36,104],"long":[6],"been":[7],"a":[8,43,106,120,129,182],"central":[9],"focus":[10],"in":[11,17,74],"combinatorial":[12],"optimization,":[13],"with":[14,101,128,176,189,193,204],"extensive":[15],"applications":[16],"areas":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"logistics":[21],"and":[22,61,78,90,178,181],"transportation.":[23],"With":[24],"the":[25,31,57,92,97,143,149,152,156,160,168,198,205],"rapid":[26],"development":[27],"of":[28,46,59,72,76,94,99,151,162,185],"machine":[29,51,67,102,164],"learning,":[30],"research":[32],"focusing":[33],"on":[34,66],"TSPs":[35],"shifted":[37],"from":[38],"traditional":[39,84,121],"heuristics,":[40],"often":[41,69],"involving":[42],"substantial":[44],"amount":[45],"manually":[47],"designed":[48],"rules,":[49],"to":[50,56,132,141],"learning-based":[52,165,196],"approaches.":[53,166],"However,":[54],"due":[55],"limitations":[58,89],"models":[60],"hardware,":[62],"generative":[63],"approaches":[64],"based":[65],"learning":[68,103,137],"fall":[70],"short":[71],"expectations":[73],"terms":[75],"effectiveness,":[77],"they":[79],"generally":[80],"lag":[81],"behind":[82],"well-established":[83],"heuristics.":[85],"To":[86],"address":[87],"these":[88],"leverage":[91],"strengths":[93],"both":[95],"approaches,":[96,197],"integration":[98],"heuristics":[100],"become":[105],"crucial":[107],"branch":[108],"for":[109,174,187],"solving":[110],"TSPs.":[111],"Thus,":[112],"this":[113],"paper":[114],"proposes":[115],"an":[116],"approach":[117,154,170,200],"that":[118],"combines":[119],"heuristic,":[122,158],"specifically":[123],"guided":[124],"fast":[125],"local":[126],"search,":[127],"neural":[130,144],"network":[131],"tackle":[133],"TSPs,":[134],"where":[135],"reinforcement":[136,195],"techniques":[138],"are":[139],"employed":[140],"train":[142],"network.":[145],"Experimental":[146],"results":[147,173],"showcase":[148],"superiority":[150],"proposed":[153,169,199],"over":[155],"original":[157],"outperforming":[159],"majority":[161],"mainstream":[163],"Notably,":[167],"achieves":[171],"zero-gap":[172],"instances":[175,188],"20":[177],"50":[179],"nodes":[180],"minimal":[183],"gap":[184],"0.07%":[186],"100":[190],"nodes.":[191],"Compared":[192],"existing":[194],"also":[201],"stands":[202],"out":[203],"best":[206],"overall":[207],"performance.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}