{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387005376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10254020","title":"The Natural Bias of Artificial Instances","display_name":"The Natural Bias of Artificial Instances","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387005376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10254020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec53210.2023.10254020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10254020","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://bird.bcamath.org/bitstream/20.500.11824/1739/1/cec2023_repositorio.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036957630","display_name":"Imanol Unanue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imanol Unanue","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Donostia-San Sebastian,Spain","Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Donostia-San Sebastian,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085317772","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Merino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03b21sh32","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Merino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basque Center for Applied Mathematics,Bilbao,Spain","Department of Mathematics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain","Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics,Bilbao,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050500830","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03b21sh32","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose A. Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Donostia-San Sebastian,Spain","Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain","Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Donostia-San Sebastian,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14395905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.7737659215927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6111530661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6007999181747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5245229005813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4632296562194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4543135166168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.4495599567890167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43558356165885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.394618958234787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37964338064193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3481701612472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33962440490722656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.7737659215927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6111530661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6007999181747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5245229005813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4632296562194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4543135166168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.4495599567890167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43558356165885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.394618958234787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37964338064193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3481701612472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33962440490722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec53210.2023.10254020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10254020","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bird.bcamath.org:20.500.11824/1739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/1739","pdf_url":"https://bird.bcamath.org/bitstream/20.500.11824/1739/1/cec2023_repositorio.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401608","display_name":"BIRD (Basque Center for Applied Mathematics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","host_organization_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bird.bcamath.org:20.500.11824/1739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/1739","pdf_url":"https://bird.bcamath.org/bitstream/20.500.11824/1739/1/cec2023_repositorio.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401608","display_name":"BIRD (Basque Center for Applied Mathematics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802176441","host_organization_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802176441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1110903457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRE_2021_2_0224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316131","funder_display_name":"Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G121809054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2309174360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3081656539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2021-001142-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690828678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4124501105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104966GB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4153228397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IT1504-22,IT1494-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4488079590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BERC 2022-2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5246401696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IT1504-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5306092458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GIU20/054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321919","funder_display_name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5394439737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-106453GA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5550858994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6294024929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2021-001142-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328444","funder_display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6558061132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7195141607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IT1494-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7436716198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BERC 2022-2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328444","funder_display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7549868415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104966GB-I00,PID2019-104933GB-I00,PID2019-106453GA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7951220496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2021-001142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8432300327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2021-001142-S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684520763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8872346354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8939903727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316131","display_name":"Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321919","display_name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328444","display_name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03b21sh32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387005376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387005376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967715425","https://openalex.org/W1970740332","https://openalex.org/W1991336906","https://openalex.org/W2008065986","https://openalex.org/W2040678023","https://openalex.org/W2067612530","https://openalex.org/W2071948161","https://openalex.org/W2074078071","https://openalex.org/W2095139726","https://openalex.org/W2130894872","https://openalex.org/W2725028950","https://openalex.org/W2792255093","https://openalex.org/W2941392475","https://openalex.org/W2955072328","https://openalex.org/W3101633784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2794361564","https://openalex.org/W4243392960","https://openalex.org/W3156820950","https://openalex.org/W4232791346","https://openalex.org/W2971069100","https://openalex.org/W2504553392","https://openalex.org/W2331509522","https://openalex.org/W2937748796","https://openalex.org/W2135210976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"exact":[1],"and":[2,81,148],"metaheuristic":[3],"algorithms":[4],"presented":[5],"in":[6,15],"the":[7,38,40,57,66,76,82,92,106,115,123],"literature":[8],"are":[9,30],"tested":[10],"by":[11,64],"comparing":[12],"their":[13],"performance":[14],"different":[16,118],"sets":[17,27],"of":[18,28,59,75,95,103,105,117,120],"instances.":[19],"However,":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22,138],"known":[23],"that":[24,47,91,122],"when":[25],"these":[26],"instances":[29,63,74,96,104],"generated":[31,62,93],"randomly,":[32],"they":[33,43,151],"neither":[34],"have":[35,109,128],"nor":[36],"fulfill":[37],"features":[39],"authors":[41],"believe":[42],"do,":[44],"which":[45],"implies":[46],"wrong":[48],"conclusions":[49],"were":[50],"made.":[51],"In":[52,86],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,89],"reinforce":[56],"importance":[58],"analyzing":[60],"randomly":[61],"sampling":[65],"problem":[67],"coefficients":[68],"uniformly":[69],"at":[70],"random.":[71],"We":[72,108,127],"generate":[73],"Unconstrained":[77],"Binary":[78],"Quadratic":[79],"Problem":[80],"Number":[83],"Partitioning":[84],"Problem.":[85],"both":[87],"cases,":[88],"verify":[90],"set":[94,102],"do":[97],"not":[98],"represent":[99],"a":[100],"uniform":[101],"problem.":[107],"conducted":[110],"several":[111],"experiments":[112],"to":[113,133],"quantify":[114],"number":[116],"rankings":[119,131],"solutions":[121,144],"problems":[124],"can":[125],"generate.":[126],"classified":[129],"those":[130],"according":[132],"how":[134,140,149],"often":[135],"each":[136,145],"ranking":[137,146],"sampled,":[139],"many":[141],"local":[142],"optimal":[143],"has,":[147],"similar":[150],"are.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}