{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387005591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10253983","title":"Removal of Confounding Factors using GA-SVM Feature Adaptation: Application on Detection of Vocal Fatigue thru sEMG Classification","display_name":"Removal of Confounding Factors using GA-SVM Feature Adaptation: Application on Detection of Vocal Fatigue thru sEMG Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387005591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10253983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec53210.2023.10253983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10253983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006516071","display_name":"Yixiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-9069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri,ViGIR Lab,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Columbia,MO,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ViGIR Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri,ViGIR Lab,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Columbia,MO,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ViGIR Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089043471","display_name":"Guilherme N. DeSouza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-5512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. N. DeSouza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri,ViGIR Lab,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Columbia,MO,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ViGIR Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri,ViGIR Lab,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Columbia,MO,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ViGIR Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020061269","display_name":"Mark L. Berardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-0952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799391451","display_name":"University Hospital Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnwqx93","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Berardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital Bonn,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Bonn,Germany","Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital Bonn,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Bonn,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030490068","display_name":"Maria Dietrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-5371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799391451","display_name":"University Hospital Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnwqx93","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Dietrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital Bonn,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Bonn,Germany","Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany","Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital Bonn,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Bonn,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22848948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9519000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.804235577583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.7036502957344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.6686279773712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6532783508300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6464645862579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6088311672210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6048452854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-validation","display_name":"Cross-validation","score":0.45940274000167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4582599103450775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45529675483703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.45244261622428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21816876530647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17640456557273865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.804235577583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.7036502957344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.6686279773712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6532783508300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6464645862579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6088311672210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6048452854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27181475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541014","display_name":"Cross-validation","level":2,"score":0.45940274000167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4582599103450775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45529675483703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.45244261622428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21816876530647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17640456557273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec53210.2023.10253983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec53210.2023.10253983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1859888177","https://openalex.org/W1975089790","https://openalex.org/W1989591203","https://openalex.org/W2002392326","https://openalex.org/W2053998966","https://openalex.org/W2066519883","https://openalex.org/W2083418584","https://openalex.org/W2103525487","https://openalex.org/W2111135417","https://openalex.org/W2120422653","https://openalex.org/W2143732473","https://openalex.org/W2165619603","https://openalex.org/W2345741294","https://openalex.org/W2595557058","https://openalex.org/W2898678695","https://openalex.org/W2901421269","https://openalex.org/W2952337070","https://openalex.org/W2980175514","https://openalex.org/W2981798823","https://openalex.org/W3109762849","https://openalex.org/W3163588354","https://openalex.org/W3173377275","https://openalex.org/W4293191727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113091479","https://openalex.org/W2162899405","https://openalex.org/W941090075","https://openalex.org/W2044987316","https://openalex.org/W3134374554","https://openalex.org/W2237480245","https://openalex.org/W2075065631","https://openalex.org/W2519167559","https://openalex.org/W4311248832","https://openalex.org/W2048917867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"machine":[1,75],"learning":[2,76],"solutions":[3,77],"become":[4],"increasingly":[5],"more":[6,15],"ubiquitous":[7],"in":[8,108,145],"medical":[9],"diagnosis,":[10],"researchers":[11],"are":[12],"becoming":[13],"equally":[14],"aware":[16],"of":[17,20,70,115,138,147,151,169],"the":[18,35,68,86,105,112,121,124,127,136,148,152,167],"possibility":[19],"confounded":[21],"predictions":[22],"being":[23],"produced":[24],"by":[25],"these":[26,73],"same":[27,74],"models.":[28],"This":[29],"realization":[30],"derives,":[31],"for":[32,88],"example,":[33],"from":[34],"observation":[36],"that":[37],"sample-wise":[38],"crossvalidation":[39],"leads":[40],"to":[41,48,57,81,103,110,135],"highly":[42],"underestimated":[43],"error":[44,89],"predictors":[45],"when":[46,133],"compared":[47],"subject-wise":[49,161],"cross":[50],"validation.":[51],"However,":[52],"without":[53],"a":[54,116],"reliable":[55],"approach":[56],"remove":[58],"spurious,":[59],"confounding":[60,129,172],"factors":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63],"age,":[64],"gender,":[65],"or":[66],"even":[67],"type/brand":[69],"equipment":[71],"used,":[72],"will":[78],"be":[79],"fated":[80],"produce":[82],"poor":[83],"results":[84],"despite":[85],"metrics":[87],"estimation":[90],"employed.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93,170],"research,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"an":[97],"optimization":[98],"approach,":[99],"using":[100,160],"genetic":[101],"algorithms,":[102],"adapt":[104],"feature":[106],"vectors":[107],"order":[109],"maximize":[111],"prediction":[113],"accuracy":[114],"given":[117],"classifiers,":[118],"while":[119],"minimizing":[120],"correlation":[122],"between":[123],"features":[125],"and":[126],"potential":[128],"factors.":[130],"Our":[131],"results,":[132],"applied":[134],"diagnostic":[137],"vocal":[139],"fatigue,":[140],"have":[141],"shown":[142],"great":[143],"improvement":[144],"terms":[146],"generalization":[149],"capability":[150],"chosen":[153],"SVM":[154],"classifier.":[155],"The":[156],"system":[157],"was":[158],"evaluated":[159],"(i.e.":[162],"leave-one-subject-out)":[163],"cross-validation,":[164],"which":[165],"demonstrated":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"new":[171],"removal":[173],"approach.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
