{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083262573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185798","title":"Improving Deep Learning based Optical Character Recognition via Neural Architecture Search","display_name":"Improving Deep Learning based Optical Character Recognition via Neural Architecture Search","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083262573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185798","mag":"3083262573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015505866","display_name":"Zhenyao Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017961841","display_name":"Min Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-6974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102960973","display_name":"Shihui Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software, Engineering of Xiamen University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software, Engineering of Xiamen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676555","display_name":"Zhenzhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-853X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000389309","display_name":"Fei Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-2638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025285243","display_name":"Kay Chen Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-2463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kay Chen Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015505866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88126877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.8640435934066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8124092221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6877846121788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6443557739257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6197711229324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5938063859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.576660692691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5569295883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5342333316802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.514153778553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.4891253113746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.48297467827796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.41262584924697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3908138573169708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1718747615814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15410009026527405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.8640435934066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8124092221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6877846121788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6443557739257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6197711229324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5938063859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.576660692691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5569295883178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5342333316802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.514153778553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4891253113746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.48297467827796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.41262584924697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3908138573169708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1718747615814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15410009026527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1922126009","https://openalex.org/W1968940363","https://openalex.org/W2001642682","https://openalex.org/W2049387398","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2344824106","https://openalex.org/W2550687635","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2583496274","https://openalex.org/W2604243686","https://openalex.org/W2604735854","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2619307294","https://openalex.org/W2736941579","https://openalex.org/W2767002384","https://openalex.org/W2810075754","https://openalex.org/W2885311373","https://openalex.org/W2888429796","https://openalex.org/W2925303509","https://openalex.org/W2932077855","https://openalex.org/W2951104886","https://openalex.org/W2951886768","https://openalex.org/W2952975409","https://openalex.org/W2962773189","https://openalex.org/W2962781062","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963136578","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963778169","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964444661","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2969173483","https://openalex.org/W2980450075","https://openalex.org/W2985228975","https://openalex.org/W3007178506","https://openalex.org/W3007791338","https://openalex.org/W3020501787","https://openalex.org/W3034326778","https://openalex.org/W3041268861","https://openalex.org/W3096533519","https://openalex.org/W3099100043","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4295185264","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631782140","https://openalex.org/W6729791593","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6760796423","https://openalex.org/W6761158446","https://openalex.org/W6771298329","https://openalex.org/W6780779101","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991513203","https://openalex.org/W2892704491","https://openalex.org/W3178467699","https://openalex.org/W4312612713","https://openalex.org/W2106936331","https://openalex.org/W1985626581","https://openalex.org/W2042634493","https://openalex.org/W2100798736","https://openalex.org/W2728450881","https://openalex.org/W2481236784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"character":[1],"rcecognition":[2],"(OCR)":[3],"is":[4,91],"a":[5,117],"process":[6,124],"of":[7,10,33,40,66,87,95,125,144],"converting":[8],"images":[9],"typed,":[11],"handwritten":[12],"or":[13],"printed":[14],"text":[15,48,96,115],"into":[16],"machine-encoded":[17],"one.":[18],"In":[19,69],"recent":[20],"years,":[21],"the":[22,31,37,59,64,67,88,92,114,123,138,142],"methods":[23],"represented":[24],"by":[25],"deep":[26],"learning":[27],"have":[28],"greatly":[29],"improved":[30],"performance":[32,65],"OCR":[34,75],"systems,":[35],"but":[36,120],"main":[38],"challenges":[39],"such":[41],"systems":[42],"are":[43],"1)":[44],"to":[45,55,62],"accurately":[46,112],"perform":[47],"detection":[49,97],"in":[50,116,128],"complex":[51,118],"scenes":[52],"and":[53,57,137],"2)":[54],"identify":[56],"set":[58],"optimal":[60],"parameters":[61],"optimize":[63],"system.":[68],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"an":[74,100],"method":[76,90],"based":[77],"on":[78],"Neural":[79],"Architecture":[80],"Search":[81],"technique,":[82],"called":[83],"AutOCR.":[84],"The":[85],"characteristic":[86],"proposed":[89],"automatic":[93],"design":[94,108],"framework":[98],"using":[99],"evolutionary":[101],"computation":[102],"neural":[103],"architecture":[104],"search":[105],"method.":[106,146],"This":[107],"can":[109],"not":[110],"only":[111],"recognize":[113],"environment,":[119],"also":[121],"avoid":[122],"experts":[126],"participating":[127],"parameter":[129],"adjustment.":[130],"We":[131],"compared":[132],"it":[133],"with":[134],"different":[135],"methods,":[136],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"proved":[141],"effectiveness":[143],"our":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
