{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083507477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185661","title":"Tree-Shaped Ensemble of Multi-Label Classifiers using Grammar-Guided Genetic Programming","display_name":"Tree-Shaped Ensemble of Multi-Label Classifiers using Grammar-Guided Genetic Programming","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083507477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185661","mag":"3083507477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049953011","display_name":"Jose M. Moyano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5745-6269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose M. Moyano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003210041","display_name":"Eva Gibaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-8789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva L. Gibaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090721600","display_name":"Krzysztof J. Cios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-5316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof J. Cios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033238429","display_name":"Sebasti\u00e1n Ventura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-6378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Ventura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.8195662498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7202960252761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7188268899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7089439630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.6194890141487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6060928106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5807247757911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5606659054756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5522989630699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5165418982505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3373657464981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21755224466323853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.8195662498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7202960252761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7188268899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7089439630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.6194890141487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6060928106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5807247757911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5606659054756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5522989630699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5165418982505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3373657464981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21755224466323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105279807","https://openalex.org/W150802894","https://openalex.org/W1491576965","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1549710828","https://openalex.org/W1550629956","https://openalex.org/W1978479174","https://openalex.org/W1983770999","https://openalex.org/W1991347287","https://openalex.org/W1997405810","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2002830978","https://openalex.org/W2016944307","https://openalex.org/W2019833096","https://openalex.org/W2029517229","https://openalex.org/W2029657028","https://openalex.org/W2063875787","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2123217057","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2137107481","https://openalex.org/W2138290126","https://openalex.org/W2146241755","https://openalex.org/W2158934641","https://openalex.org/W2163502483","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2246687838","https://openalex.org/W2577977610","https://openalex.org/W2780112348","https://openalex.org/W2821221765","https://openalex.org/W2888647113","https://openalex.org/W3008214279","https://openalex.org/W4300537473","https://openalex.org/W6632816258","https://openalex.org/W6633037791","https://openalex.org/W6678230397","https://openalex.org/W6680483772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981866886","https://openalex.org/W2889302474","https://openalex.org/W1964832275","https://openalex.org/W2389865566","https://openalex.org/W2052615004","https://openalex.org/W3080944905","https://openalex.org/W2407804800","https://openalex.org/W2073883415","https://openalex.org/W2944292463","https://openalex.org/W3014252901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-label":[0],"classification":[1,17,44],"paradigm":[2],"has":[3],"had":[4],"a":[5,13,58,74,86,97,106,126,139,152],"growing":[6],"interest":[7],"because":[8],"of":[9,12,16,21,24,48,82,88,92,99,112,116,142,155,168,170,199],"the":[10,22,25,42,54,63,113,129,136,148,174,196],"emergence":[11],"large":[14],"number":[15],"problems":[18],"where":[19],"each":[20,91,110,123,158],"instances":[23],"data":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28],"associated":[29],"with":[30],"several":[31],"output":[32],"labels":[33,169],"simultaneously.":[34],"Several":[35],"ensemble":[36,55],"methods":[37],"were":[38],"proposed":[39],"to":[40,66,79,163],"solve":[41],"multilabel":[43,89,200],"problem.":[45],"However,":[46],"most":[47],"them":[49,93],"simply":[50],"create":[51],"diversity":[52],"in":[53,147,173],"by":[56],"following":[57],"random":[59],"procedure":[60],"and":[61,183],"give":[62],"same":[64],"importance":[65],"all":[67,145],"members.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73,132],"Grammar-Guided":[75],"Genetic":[76],"Programming":[77],"algorithm":[78],"build":[80],"ensembles":[81,198],"multi-label":[83,181],"classifiers.":[84,201],"Given":[85],"pool":[87],"classifiers,":[90],"modeling":[94],"dependencies":[95],"among":[96,166],"subset":[98],"k":[100,143,156],"labels,":[101],"they":[102],"are":[103,120],"combined":[104],"into":[105],"tree-shaped":[107],"ensemble.":[108,175],"At":[109],"node":[111],"tree,":[114],"predictions":[115],"its":[117],"children":[118],"nodes":[119],"combined,":[121],"while":[122],"leaf":[124],"represents":[125],"classifier":[127],"from":[128],"pool.":[130],"We":[131],"two":[133],"configurations":[134],"for":[135,144,157],"method:":[137],"using":[138,151,184],"fixed":[140],"value":[141,154],"classifiers":[146],"pool,":[149],"or":[150],"variable":[153],"classifier,":[159],"thus":[160],"being":[161],"able":[162],"capture":[164],"relationships":[165],"groups":[167],"different":[171],"size":[172],"The":[176],"experiments":[177],"performed":[178],"over":[179],"sixteen":[180],"dataset":[182],"five":[185],"evaluation":[186],"metrics":[187],"demonstrated":[188],"that":[189],"our":[190],"method":[191],"performs":[192],"significantly":[193],"better":[194],"than":[195],"state-of-the-art":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}