{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083208505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185636","title":"Hierarchical Grammar-Guided Genetic Programming Techniques for Scheduling in Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Hierarchical Grammar-Guided Genetic Programming Techniques for Scheduling in Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083208505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185636","mag":"3083208505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089955586","display_name":"Takfarinas Saber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-7979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takfarinas Saber","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090649387","display_name":"David Lynch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-9781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lynch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Research and Applications Group, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research and Applications Group, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023783570","display_name":"David Fagan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105201","display_name":"Nokia (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcaj468","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210105201"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Fagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Nokia, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Nokia, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069119548","display_name":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Ku\u010dera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105201","display_name":"Nokia (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcaj468","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210105201"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stepan Kucera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Nokia, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Nokia, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042709606","display_name":"Holger Clau\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-2082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105201","display_name":"Nokia (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcaj468","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210105201"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Claussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Nokia, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Nokia, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001619292","display_name":"Michael O\u2019Neill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael O'Neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Research and Applications Group, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research and Applications Group, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79309447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12534","display_name":"Protein Degradation and Inhibitors","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7686412930488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6600844264030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-adjoining-grammar","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","score":0.6115489602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.6021885871887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.5585981011390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mildly-context-sensitive-grammar-formalism","display_name":"Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism","score":0.511699914932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4790983498096466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affix-grammar","display_name":"Affix grammar","score":0.4740735590457916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-sensitive-grammar","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","score":0.46075138449668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4192262291908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-grammar","display_name":"Adaptive grammar","score":0.41206708550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.3809545934200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3718830347061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-grammar","display_name":"Emergent grammar","score":0.29880261421203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.21397680044174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11883261799812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.10821956396102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07856494188308716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7686412930488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6600844264030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.6115489602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.6021885871887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5585981011390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172265290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6134957","display_name":"Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism","level":4,"score":0.511699914932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4790983498096466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80364944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689005","display_name":"Affix grammar","level":3,"score":0.4740735590457916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125950753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908674","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","level":4,"score":0.46075138449668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4192262291908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680743","display_name":"Adaptive grammar","level":5,"score":0.41206708550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.3809545934200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3718830347061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69298649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6045214","display_name":"Emergent grammar","level":3,"score":0.29880261421203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.21397680044174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11883261799812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.10821956396102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07856494188308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014833796","https://openalex.org/W2142401419","https://openalex.org/W2353468900","https://openalex.org/W2593220893","https://openalex.org/W2604662548","https://openalex.org/W2605173034","https://openalex.org/W2733332047","https://openalex.org/W2748585379","https://openalex.org/W2752702842","https://openalex.org/W2793552896","https://openalex.org/W2897875579","https://openalex.org/W2901730283","https://openalex.org/W2922424533","https://openalex.org/W2956095626","https://openalex.org/W2974749598","https://openalex.org/W3083478733","https://openalex.org/W3105008212","https://openalex.org/W6749796790","https://openalex.org/W6756464780","https://openalex.org/W6782638125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992824024","https://openalex.org/W1998938240","https://openalex.org/W1529458232","https://openalex.org/W2534012541","https://openalex.org/W2095246953","https://openalex.org/W4229721093","https://openalex.org/W2043398957","https://openalex.org/W370987637","https://openalex.org/W2560181496","https://openalex.org/W2404142417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grammar-Guided":[0,33],"Genetic":[1,34],"Programming":[2,35],"is":[3,42,53,216],"already":[4],"outperforming":[5],"humans":[6],"at":[7,93,103],"creating":[8],"efficient":[9],"transmission":[10],"schedulers":[11],"for":[12,137],"large":[13],"heterogeneous":[14],"communications":[15],"networks.":[16],"We":[17,186],"have":[18,119],"previously":[19],"proposed":[20],"a":[21,38,79,89],"multi-level":[22,170,207],"grammar":[23,41,52,92,102,154,192],"approach":[24,81,155,193],"which":[25],"achieved":[26],"significantly":[27,165,202],"better":[28,166,203],"results":[29,167,204],"than":[30,168,205],"the":[31,69,94,100,104,114,125,132,135,138,143,152,157,169,183,190,195,206,210,220],"canonical":[32],"approach.":[36,208],"Initially,":[37],"restricted":[39],"`small'":[40],"utilised":[43],"in":[44,97],"order":[45],"to":[46,77,120,181,219],"discover":[47],"suitable":[48],"structures.":[49],"A":[50],"full":[51,101],"then":[54],"adopted":[55],"after":[56],"this":[57,73,147],"initial":[58],"phase.":[59],"Hence,":[60],"evolution":[61,139],"can":[62],"focus":[63],"on":[64],"maximising":[65],"performance,":[66],"by":[67,82],"fine-tuning":[68],"well-structured":[70],"models.":[71],"In":[72,146],"work,":[74,148],"we":[75,118,149],"propose":[76],"use":[78,108,121],"hierarchical":[80,153,191],"employing":[83],"multiple":[84,109],"small":[85,91,110,144,179,223],"grammars":[86,111,180],"instead":[87],"of":[88,127,134,142,159,161,178,197,212,222],"unique":[90],"lower":[95],"level,":[96],"conjunction":[98],"with":[99,140],"upper":[105],"level.":[106],"To":[107],"while":[112],"maintaining":[113],"same":[115],"computational":[116],"budget,":[117],"either":[122],"(i)":[123],"reduce":[124,131],"number":[126,160,177,221],"generations,":[128],"or":[129],"(ii)":[130],"size":[133,199,214],"population":[136,198,213],"each":[141],"grammars.":[145,224],"confirm":[150],"that":[151,189],"using":[156,194],"division":[158,196,211],"generations":[162],"strategy":[163,200,215],"achieves":[164,201],"approach,":[171],"but":[172],"requires":[173],"defining":[174],"an":[175],"ideal":[176],"achieve":[182],"best":[184],"performance.":[185],"also":[187],"show":[188],"However":[209],"less":[217],"sensitive":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
