{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191549450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504981","title":"Applying Never-Ending Learning (NEL) Principles to Build a Gene Ontology (GO) Biocurator","display_name":"Applying Never-Ending Learning (NEL) Principles to Build a Gene Ontology (GO) Biocurator","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191549450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504981","mag":"3191549450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008274219","display_name":"Laurence Rodrigues do Amaral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4681-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurence Rodrigues do Amaral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computation (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computation (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103993183","display_name":"Alexandre Henrick da Silva Alves","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Henrick da Silva Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computation (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computation (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051557377","display_name":"Raphael de Lima Mendes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael de Lima Mendes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computation (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computation (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087621082","display_name":"Matheus de Souza Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-3089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matheus de Souza Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078367813","display_name":"Pedro Luiz Lima Bertarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Luiz Lima Bertarini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FEELT), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FEELT), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056213327","display_name":"Estevam Hruschka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-2808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estevam Rafael Hruschka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Pittsburgh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008274219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43424782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"458","last_page":"465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7890440821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7665113210678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.65594083070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6544270515441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6061182618141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5863597989082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5770050287246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5412243604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedicine","display_name":"Biomedicine","score":0.4674922525882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4562664031982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-data","display_name":"Biological data","score":0.42530521750450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.4134438633918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3937034606933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3808383345603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.16094407439231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.08958080410957336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7890440821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7665113210678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.65594083070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6544270515441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6061182618141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5863597989082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5770050287246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5412243604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66782513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864601","display_name":"Biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.4674922525882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4562664031982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.42530521750450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.4134438633918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3937034606933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3808383345603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.16094407439231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.08958080410957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W196925868","https://openalex.org/W1496929357","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1512387364","https://openalex.org/W1550206324","https://openalex.org/W1555243480","https://openalex.org/W1565054757","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1618455174","https://openalex.org/W1806630989","https://openalex.org/W1993119069","https://openalex.org/W2048374711","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2056400929","https://openalex.org/W2091940856","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2105809105","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2126297944","https://openalex.org/W2128073546","https://openalex.org/W2132655161","https://openalex.org/W2136504847","https://openalex.org/W2140785063","https://openalex.org/W2147719979","https://openalex.org/W2148083369","https://openalex.org/W2800394774","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W6632865047","https://openalex.org/W6633190565","https://openalex.org/W6633820834","https://openalex.org/W6679154154","https://openalex.org/W6680140577","https://openalex.org/W7048738093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W2798423693","https://openalex.org/W372138008","https://openalex.org/W4237581822","https://openalex.org/W2887634402","https://openalex.org/W3145315517","https://openalex.org/W1970758373","https://openalex.org/W4231395176"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24],"exponentially":[1],"growing":[2],"of":[3,14,34,45,163,175],"generated":[4],"data":[5,56,67],"and":[6,20,32,47,64,76,116,122,134,140],"the":[7,12,30,53,71],"advanced":[8],"computing":[9],"techniques,":[10],"catalyzed":[11],"necessity":[13],"innovative":[15],"strategies":[16],"to":[17,29,60,65,80,91],"store,":[18],"analyze":[19],"capture":[21],"biological":[22,46],"data.":[23],"biocuration":[25],"was":[26],"created":[27],"due":[28],"number":[31],"scope":[33],"scientific":[35],"databases":[36],"in":[37,94,147],"recent":[38],"years.":[39],"Biocuration":[40],"is":[41,57,102],"an":[42,89],"essential":[43],"part":[44],"biomedical":[48],"research":[49],"discovery.":[50],"Extracted":[51],"from":[52,166],"literature,":[54],"curated":[55],"so":[58],"important":[59],"accomplish":[61],"computational":[62],"analysis":[63],"train":[66],"mining":[68],"algorithms.":[69],"Concurrently,":[70],"researchers":[72],"need":[73],"a":[74,105,167],"rapidly":[75],"more":[77],"decisive":[78],"approach":[79,101,127],"understand":[81],"unknown":[82],"domains.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"architecture":[90,152],"help":[92,144],"biocurators":[93,146],"Gene":[95],"Ontology":[96],"(GO)":[97],"classification":[98,149,155],"tasks.":[99,150],"Our":[100,151],"based":[103],"on":[104],"semi-supervised":[106],"environment":[107],"that":[108,142],"couples":[109],"evolutionary":[110],"computation":[111],"(i.e.":[112,119],"Genetic":[113],"Algorithms":[114],"(GA))":[115],"traditional":[117],"classifiers":[118],"Decision":[120],"Trees":[121],"Naive":[123],"Bayes).":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"our":[126],"provides":[128],"high":[129],"level":[130],"knowledge":[131],"(IF-THEN":[132],"rules":[133],"decision":[135],"trees),":[136],"balancing":[137],"accuracy,":[138],"interpretability":[139],"comprehensibility":[141],"can":[143],"GO":[145],"their":[148],"shows":[153],"higher":[154],"rates":[156],"(about":[157],"94%,":[158],"i.e.,":[159],"17,820":[160],"correct":[161],"samples":[162,173],"18,959),":[164],"starting":[165],"small":[168],"training":[169],"set,":[170],"only":[171],"2,707":[172],"(12.5%":[174],"21,666":[176],"samples).":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
