{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187252282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504927","title":"Score Level Fusion of Multimodal Biometrics Using Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Score Level Fusion of Multimodal Biometrics Using Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187252282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504927","mag":"3187252282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072185945","display_name":"Shadab Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150312865","display_name":"Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ta0g865","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150312865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36893310","display_name":"University of Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7rxb17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36893310"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shadab Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hyderabad & Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hyderabad & Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150312865","https://openalex.org/I36893310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101446368","display_name":"Rajarshi Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-7024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150312865","display_name":"Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ta0g865","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150312865"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajarshi Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150312865"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078917791","display_name":"Avatharam Ganivada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36893310","display_name":"University of Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7rxb17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36893310"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avatharam Ganivada","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36893310"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072185945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150312865","https://openalex.org/I36893310"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66517918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2242","last_page":"2250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8576513528823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.606928288936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.574920654296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5328044891357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5263201594352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.49872303009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.4882817268371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4539319574832916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4500385820865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.444536030292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35317936539649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2771517038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21423450112342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0954647958278656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8576513528823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.606928288936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.574920654296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5328044891357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5263201594352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.49872303009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4882817268371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4539319574832916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4500385820865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.444536030292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35317936539649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2771517038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21423450112342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0954647958278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585588639","https://openalex.org/W1913892989","https://openalex.org/W1965914109","https://openalex.org/W1968856453","https://openalex.org/W2000690241","https://openalex.org/W2015136933","https://openalex.org/W2022861728","https://openalex.org/W2024990640","https://openalex.org/W2029672942","https://openalex.org/W2058393950","https://openalex.org/W2059233108","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2063424920","https://openalex.org/W2084402702","https://openalex.org/W2087425379","https://openalex.org/W2109349545","https://openalex.org/W2125899728","https://openalex.org/W2136885397","https://openalex.org/W2150861845","https://openalex.org/W2481739833","https://openalex.org/W2508514794","https://openalex.org/W2576569721","https://openalex.org/W2613839743","https://openalex.org/W2756384610","https://openalex.org/W2787533358","https://openalex.org/W2790644461","https://openalex.org/W2791564363","https://openalex.org/W2806571788","https://openalex.org/W2890921190","https://openalex.org/W2896770027","https://openalex.org/W2911151929","https://openalex.org/W2939859428","https://openalex.org/W2944648082","https://openalex.org/W3000040270","https://openalex.org/W3016998904","https://openalex.org/W3017154272","https://openalex.org/W3023522361","https://openalex.org/W3026124983","https://openalex.org/W3080092958","https://openalex.org/W4247668619","https://openalex.org/W6654506329","https://openalex.org/W6777207621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W73545470","https://openalex.org/W4224266612","https://openalex.org/W2811048914","https://openalex.org/W2383394264","https://openalex.org/W1982479144","https://openalex.org/W4320153225","https://openalex.org/W4293261942","https://openalex.org/W3125968744","https://openalex.org/W1995633573","https://openalex.org/W2167701463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"biometric":[1,7,14,91],"system":[2],"fuses":[3],"information":[4,31],"from":[5,89],"multiple":[6],"modalities":[8],"to":[9,70,104],"overcome":[10],"limitations":[11],"of":[12,22,26,29,111,115],"unimodal":[13],"system.":[15,24],"This":[16],"fusion":[17,46,51,127],"significantly":[18],"enhances":[19],"the":[20,23,27,77,106,116],"performance":[21],"One":[25],"ways":[28],"fusing":[30],"for":[32],"multimodal":[33],"biometrics":[34],"is":[35,48,55,129],"score":[36,44,53,82,87,112,122],"level":[37,45,54,123,126],"fusion.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40,72],"paper,":[41],"a":[42,64,109],"novel":[43],"method":[47,97,118],"proposed.":[49],"Here,":[50],"at":[52],"formulated":[56],"as":[57],"an":[58,80],"optimization":[59,73],"problem.":[60,74],"The":[61,93],"paper":[62],"proposes":[63],"genetic":[65],"algorithm":[66],"(GA)":[67],"based":[68,96],"approach":[69],"solve":[71],"It":[75],"minimizes":[76],"distances":[78],"between":[79,108],"aggregated":[81],"list":[83,88],"and":[84,124],"each":[85],"input":[86],"individual":[90],"modality.":[92],"proposed":[94,117],"GA":[95],"uses":[98],"weighted":[99],"Spearman":[100],"footrule":[101],"distance":[102,107],"metric":[103],"compute":[105],"pair":[110],"lists.":[113],"Superiority":[114],"over":[119],"several":[120],"state-of-the-art":[121],"rank":[125],"methods":[128],"demonstrated":[130],"experimentally.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
