{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191866119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504797","title":"A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach to Professional Course Timetabling: A Real-World Case Study","display_name":"A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach to Professional Course Timetabling: A Real-World Case Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191866119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504797","mag":"3191866119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089991294","display_name":"Mounir Hafsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-2897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounir Hafsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS Centrale Lille UMR 9189 \u2013 CRIStAL, Mandarine Academy Univ. Lille, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS Centrale Lille UMR 9189 \u2013 CRIStAL, Mandarine Academy Univ. Lille, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022969818","display_name":"Pamela Wattebled","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Wattebled","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mandarine Academy, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mandarine Academy, Lille, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103435666","display_name":"Julie Jacques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-9629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181827316","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/025s1b152","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181827316"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Jacques","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS Centrale Lille UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Lille Catholic University FGES Univ. Lille, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS Centrale Lille UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Lille Catholic University FGES Univ. Lille, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181827316","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062197219","display_name":"La\u00ebtitia Jourdan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4170-6830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laetitia Jourdan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS Centrale Lille UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Univ. Lille, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS Centrale Lille UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Univ. Lille, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69226352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"997","last_page":"1004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.72123783826828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.6465672254562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.6216416358947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5841205716133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5777059197425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5375198125839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5010011196136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.48473307490348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.454037606716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.41982704401016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4167957305908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36473512649536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36049652099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1399906575679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1316068172454834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.72123783826828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.6465672254562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6216416358947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5841205716133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5777059197425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5375198125839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5010011196136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.48473307490348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.454037606716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.41982704401016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4167957305908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36473512649536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36049652099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1399906575679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1316068172454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03353961v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03353961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Jun 2021, Krak\u00f3w, Poland. pp.997-1004, &#x27E8;10.1109/CEC45853.2021.9504797&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504943474","https://openalex.org/W1570101531","https://openalex.org/W1607104331","https://openalex.org/W1609048613","https://openalex.org/W1651333704","https://openalex.org/W1966208092","https://openalex.org/W1968603264","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W2033916191","https://openalex.org/W2040243077","https://openalex.org/W2056956492","https://openalex.org/W2075226820","https://openalex.org/W2086726443","https://openalex.org/W2097006484","https://openalex.org/W2098907614","https://openalex.org/W2102818760","https://openalex.org/W2116661285","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2137365217","https://openalex.org/W2138029669","https://openalex.org/W2141119792","https://openalex.org/W2167159964","https://openalex.org/W2264848918","https://openalex.org/W2504514030","https://openalex.org/W2557894284","https://openalex.org/W2962959752","https://openalex.org/W2987597555","https://openalex.org/W3007622335","https://openalex.org/W6680423480","https://openalex.org/W6684212943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985939653","https://openalex.org/W1606499289","https://openalex.org/W2741252017","https://openalex.org/W2911578165","https://openalex.org/W2626282817","https://openalex.org/W4297582752","https://openalex.org/W4285805405","https://openalex.org/W2906115061","https://openalex.org/W2977596624","https://openalex.org/W2145877535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,21,45,60,87,97],"concept":[4],"and":[5,25,56,70,78,125,136],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,23,52,62,89,122],"a":[8,29,49,92,104,117],"multi-objective":[9],"approach":[10],"for":[11,82],"professional":[12],"training":[13],"scheduling":[14],"problem":[15,46],"at":[16],"Mandarine":[17],"Academy.":[18],"We":[19,43,58],"address":[20],"timetabling":[22],"courses":[24],"trainers":[26],"rostering":[27],"in":[28,33,112,120],"highly":[30],"constrained":[31],"environment,":[32],"which":[34],"we":[35],"are":[36],"required":[37],"to":[38],"optimize":[39],"5":[40],"different":[41],"objectives.":[42,57],"describe":[44],"by":[47,103],"providing":[48],"mathematical":[50],"formulation":[51],"both":[53],"hard/soft":[54],"constraints":[55],"propose":[59],"use":[61],"Multi-Objective":[63],"Evolutionary":[64],"Algorithms":[65],"(MOEA's)":[66],"like":[67],"NSGA":[68,71,134,137],"II":[69,135],"III":[72],"with":[73,128],"custom":[74],"genetic":[75],"operators":[76],"(Mutation":[77],"Crossover)":[79],"designed":[80],"specifically":[81],"this":[83],"problem.":[84],"To":[85],"evaluate":[86],"effectiveness":[88],"our":[90],"approach,":[91],"parameter":[93],"tuning":[94],"phase":[95],"using":[96,107],"i-race":[98],"package":[99],"is":[100],"performed,":[101],"followed":[102],"performance":[105,131],"comparison":[106],"real-world":[108],"test":[109],"instances":[110],"varying":[111],"complexity.":[113],"Final":[114],"results":[115],"shows":[116],"significant":[118],"improvement":[119],"terms":[121],"computation":[123],"time":[124],"solutions":[126],"diversity":[127],"an":[129],"interesting":[130],"gap":[132],"between":[133],"III.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
