{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557422176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744060","title":"A comprehensive strategy for mammogram image classification using learning classifier systems","display_name":"A comprehensive strategy for mammogram image classification using learning classifier systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557422176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744060","mag":"2557422176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7744060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102004310","display_name":"Abubakar Siddique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-802X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubakar Siddique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733262","display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-5453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065533636","display_name":"Will N. Browne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-2224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will N. Browne","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62262362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2201","last_page":"2208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9405999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7540557384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.746312141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7085951566696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6850563287734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.6483478546142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.5140310525894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5097019672393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.501410961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4118926525115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20682206749916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.19388380646705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17355862259864807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7540557384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.746312141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7085951566696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6850563287734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.6483478546142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5140310525894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5097019672393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.501410961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4118926525115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20682206749916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.19388380646705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17355862259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7744060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177004468","https://openalex.org/W1876634630","https://openalex.org/W1964233644","https://openalex.org/W1969036549","https://openalex.org/W1977314360","https://openalex.org/W1977949399","https://openalex.org/W1989101984","https://openalex.org/W1989883122","https://openalex.org/W1996777040","https://openalex.org/W1998865404","https://openalex.org/W2000000530","https://openalex.org/W2007591592","https://openalex.org/W2008088085","https://openalex.org/W2009718765","https://openalex.org/W2023131636","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2050883594","https://openalex.org/W2057951681","https://openalex.org/W2062233247","https://openalex.org/W2064935078","https://openalex.org/W2066631962","https://openalex.org/W2069568152","https://openalex.org/W2079046404","https://openalex.org/W2086127902","https://openalex.org/W2086661583","https://openalex.org/W2098888151","https://openalex.org/W2117516884","https://openalex.org/W2121592831","https://openalex.org/W2121915221","https://openalex.org/W2124103739","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2175737032","https://openalex.org/W2188314784","https://openalex.org/W2326170897","https://openalex.org/W2514575318","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607184829","https://openalex.org/W6644579170","https://openalex.org/W6677265053","https://openalex.org/W6726088282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373577936","https://openalex.org/W3095575180","https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2389596151","https://openalex.org/W4221148444","https://openalex.org/W4226054107","https://openalex.org/W4387678054","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W1997235926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mammography":[0],"is":[1,43,111],"a":[2,122,137,179],"well":[3],"known":[4],"procedure":[5],"for":[6,17,45,63],"breast":[7],"cancer":[8],"detection.":[9],"The":[10,241],"traditional":[11],"mammography":[12],"process":[13],"employs":[14],"manual":[15],"analysis":[16],"detection":[18],"and":[19,39,83,95,188,212,221,227,233,238,256],"diagnosis,":[20],"which":[21],"requires":[22],"professional":[23],"expertise.":[24],"However,":[25,99],"computerized":[26],"systems":[27,61],"that":[28,119,182,245],"use":[29,58,68,148],"feature":[30,117,159],"based":[31,152,223,235],"classification":[32,109,261],"have":[33],"been":[34],"demonstrated":[35],"to":[36,57,91,103,131,161,190],"be":[37],"proficient":[38],"reliable":[40],"but":[41],"there":[42],"scope":[44],"improved":[46],"accuracy.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49,267],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"present":[52],"the":[53,100,112,157,163,173,247,253,260],"first":[54],"comprehensive":[55],"strategy":[56,181],"learning":[59],"classifier":[60,128,143,169,198],"(LCSs)":[62],"mammogram":[64],"image":[65,108,175],"classification.":[66],"We":[67,147,177],"six":[69],"types":[70,194],"of":[71,77,86,115,125,140,165,186,195,210,217,230,252],"statistical":[72,202,211,231],"measures,":[73],"three":[74],"different":[75,149,193],"variants":[76,85],"local":[78],"binary":[79],"pattern":[80],"(LBP)":[81],"technique":[82],"ten":[84],"discrete":[87],"wavelet":[88],"transform":[89],"(DWT)":[90],"extract":[92],"statistical,":[93,218],"texture":[94],"multiresolution":[96],"features,":[97,203,207,214,226],"respectively.":[98],"main":[101],"challenge":[102],"apply":[104],"an":[105,135],"LCS":[106],"in":[107,121,127,134,142,168,197,250,263,266],"tasks":[110],"large":[113,123,158],"number":[114,124,139,164],"extracted":[116],"components":[118,160],"result":[120],"attributes":[126,141,167,196],"conditions.":[129],"Whereas,":[130],"evolve":[132],"generalization":[133],"LCS,":[136],"limited":[138],"conditions":[144,170],"are":[145],"required.":[146],"encoding":[150],"schemes":[151],"on":[153,224,236],"mapping":[154],"distances":[155,189,222,234,249],"against":[156],"reduce":[162],"required":[166],"while":[171],"retaining":[172],"unique":[174],"characteristics.":[176],"develop":[178],"novel":[180],"deploys":[183],"various":[184],"combinations":[185],"features":[187,220,232,258],"investigate":[191],"five":[192],"conditions:":[199],"(i)":[200],"individual":[201,205],"(ii)":[204],"LBP":[206,213,219,237,255],"(iii)":[208],"concatenation":[209,216,229],"(iv)":[215],"DWT":[225,239,257],"(v)":[228],"features.":[240],"obtained":[242],"results":[243],"indicate":[244],"using":[246],"precomputed":[248],"place":[251],"original":[254],"improve":[259],"accuracy":[262],"experiments":[264],"conducted":[265],"study.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}