{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2558133507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744003","title":"An improved bat algorithm with variable neighborhood search for global optimization","display_name":"An improved bat algorithm with variable neighborhood search for global optimization","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2558133507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744003","mag":"2558133507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7744003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016393348","display_name":"Gai\u2010Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3295-8972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gai-Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010771862","display_name":"Mei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-7731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103709784","display_name":"Xiangjun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Jun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88293222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1773","last_page":"1778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7853418588638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-neighborhood-search","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","score":0.6835222244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-echolocation","display_name":"Human echolocation","score":0.6690441370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.6510509252548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6484417915344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.6145092248916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bat-algorithm","display_name":"Bat algorithm","score":0.5905368328094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5624074339866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5573684573173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5263137817382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.49005377292633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guided-local-search","display_name":"Guided Local Search","score":0.4669685661792755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.4437192976474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34235379099845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.1037205159664154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7853418588638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776435737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915703","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","level":3,"score":0.6835222244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167954536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1920844","display_name":"Human echolocation","level":2,"score":0.6690441370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.6510509252548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6484417915344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.6145092248916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5351157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868485","display_name":"Bat algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5905368328094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5624074339866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5573684573173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5263137817382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49005377292633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90189156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5615481","display_name":"Guided Local Search","level":3,"score":0.4669685661792755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.4437192976474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34235379099845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.1037205159664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7744003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W341879454","https://openalex.org/W1496373884","https://openalex.org/W1538045029","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1966348298","https://openalex.org/W1966536048","https://openalex.org/W1970204203","https://openalex.org/W1976744965","https://openalex.org/W1978057374","https://openalex.org/W1980048226","https://openalex.org/W1980843902","https://openalex.org/W1985460844","https://openalex.org/W2003961265","https://openalex.org/W2007446300","https://openalex.org/W2009207502","https://openalex.org/W2010176468","https://openalex.org/W2012115555","https://openalex.org/W2013647860","https://openalex.org/W2028692034","https://openalex.org/W2028885867","https://openalex.org/W2029846254","https://openalex.org/W2031183907","https://openalex.org/W2033731173","https://openalex.org/W2034787042","https://openalex.org/W2035402624","https://openalex.org/W2044371115","https://openalex.org/W2046326907","https://openalex.org/W2053498776","https://openalex.org/W2069657950","https://openalex.org/W2089721065","https://openalex.org/W2103887885","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2139026594","https://openalex.org/W2149671510","https://openalex.org/W2154943049","https://openalex.org/W2168081761","https://openalex.org/W2196839768","https://openalex.org/W2223165035","https://openalex.org/W2269467762","https://openalex.org/W2333617235","https://openalex.org/W2341783563","https://openalex.org/W2541451878","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2604865586","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W3023540311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082765204","https://openalex.org/W2238276057","https://openalex.org/W2918484077","https://openalex.org/W2032719427","https://openalex.org/W3023692137","https://openalex.org/W2054324039","https://openalex.org/W2569683187","https://openalex.org/W4396552538","https://openalex.org/W2028764438","https://openalex.org/W17434086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bat":[0],"algorithm":[1,8,74],"(BA)":[2],"is":[3,56,76,109,126],"newly":[4],"proposed":[5],"bio-inspired":[6],"metaheuristic":[7],"with":[9],"the":[10,13,25,37,81,90,99,113,118,124,140,144],"inspiration":[11],"of":[12,15,29,47,68],"echolocation":[14],"bats":[16],"in":[17],"nature.":[18],"Several":[19],"experimental":[20,134],"results":[21,135],"have":[22],"proven":[23],"to":[24,35,111],"effectiveness":[26],"and":[27,94],"performance":[28],"BA.":[30,146],"However,":[31],"BA":[32,59,69,83],"may":[33],"fail":[34],"find":[36,112],"global":[38,86],"optimal":[39],"solution":[40,116],"occasionally.":[41],"In":[42,79],"this":[43,95],"paper,":[44],"a":[45,61,85,105],"kind":[46],"classical":[48],"search":[49,54,63,87,100,107],"technology,":[50],"called":[51],"variable":[52,71],"neighborhood":[53,72],"(VNS),":[55],"incorporated":[57],"into":[58],"as":[60,84,104],"local":[62,106],"tool.":[64],"An":[65],"improved":[66],"version":[67],"namely":[70],"bat":[73],"(VNBA),":[75],"thus":[77],"proposed.":[78],"VNBA,":[80],"classic":[82],"tool":[88,108],"searches":[89],"whole":[91],"space":[92],"globally,":[93],"can":[96],"significantly":[97],"shrink":[98],"space.":[101],"Subsequently,":[102],"VNS":[103],"implemented":[110],"final":[114],"best":[115],"within":[117],"small":[119],"promising":[120],"area.":[121],"After":[122],"that,":[123],"VNBA":[125,138],"benchmarked":[127],"by":[128],"sixteen":[129],"standard":[130],"benchmark":[131],"functions.":[132],"The":[133],"imply":[136],"that":[137],"takes":[139],"absolute":[141],"advantage":[142],"over":[143],"basic":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
