{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557666158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744000","title":"Bio-inspired BAT optimization algorithm for handwritten Arabic characters recognition","display_name":"Bio-inspired BAT optimization algorithm for handwritten Arabic characters recognition","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557666158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744000","mag":"2557666158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7744000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023213667","display_name":"Ahmed T. Sahlol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6221-6961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126427551","display_name":"Damietta University","ror":"https://ror.org/035h3r191","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed. T. Sahlol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Specific Education, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Specific Education, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059479627","display_name":"Ching Y. Suen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-7631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125347698","display_name":"Babe\u0219-Bolyai University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmd1t30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125347698"]}],"countries":["EG","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching Y. Suen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Beni-Suef University, Egypt","Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Beni-Suef University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125347698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046671659","display_name":"Hossam M. Zawbaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-2993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossam M. Zawbaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085432173","display_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Concordia University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Concordia University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015260682","display_name":"Mohamed Abd Elfattah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2390-5665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abd Elfattah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3521,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87394681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1749","last_page":"1756"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7746837735176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6077786684036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5942360162734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5781098008155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5589371919631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5538022518157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5403298735618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49442219734191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4875597357749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.48208361864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.4594472646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.4262721538543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.39300981163978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3713906407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.13702058792114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12493279576301575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7746837735176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6077786684036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5942360162734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5781098008155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5589371919631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5538022518157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5403298735618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49442219734191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4875597357749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.48208361864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.4594472646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4262721538543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.39300981163978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3713906407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.13702058792114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12493279576301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7744000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92759398","https://openalex.org/W802844665","https://openalex.org/W1494195692","https://openalex.org/W1559175308","https://openalex.org/W1608203026","https://openalex.org/W1608622770","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1627054999","https://openalex.org/W1633761300","https://openalex.org/W2040304231","https://openalex.org/W2089720651","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2126371345","https://openalex.org/W2130770775","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2153351685","https://openalex.org/W2155417802","https://openalex.org/W2180224258","https://openalex.org/W2274665468","https://openalex.org/W2326198015","https://openalex.org/W2470973252","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W3140367595","https://openalex.org/W3150649775","https://openalex.org/W6636350093","https://openalex.org/W6636381840","https://openalex.org/W6676744442","https://openalex.org/W6678725455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2536878212","https://openalex.org/W3005534356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1],"many":[2],"difficulties":[3],"facing":[4],"a":[5,35],"handwritten":[6,36],"Arabic":[7,37],"recognition":[8,39],"system":[9,40,63,104],"such":[10],"as":[11,101,116,118],"unlimited":[12],"variation":[13],"in":[14,29,96,119,130],"human":[15],"handwriting,":[16],"similarities":[17],"of":[18,23,98,111,121],"distinct":[19],"character":[20,38],"shapes,":[21],"interconnections":[22],"neighboring":[24],"characters":[25],"and":[26,55,66,82,137],"their":[27],"position":[28],"the":[30,51,58,102,153],"word.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"presents":[34],"based":[41],"on":[42],"BA":[43,45,125],"algorithm.":[44],"algorithm":[46,92,126],"is":[47,64,105,127,152],"adopted":[48],"to":[49,56,107],"reduce":[50],"feature":[52],"set":[53,114],"size":[54],"improve":[57],"accuracy":[59,100],"rate.":[60],"The":[61,89],"proposed":[62,90,103],"trained":[65],"tested":[67],"by":[68],"four":[69],"well-known":[70],"classifiers;":[71],"Bayes":[72],"Network":[73],"(BN),":[74],"artificial":[75],"neural":[76],"network":[77],"(ANN),":[78],"K-nearest":[79],"neighbors":[80],"(KNN),":[81],"Random":[83],"forest":[84],"(RF)":[85],"with":[86,135,143],"CENPARMI":[87],"dataset.":[88],"optimization":[91],"obtained":[93],"promising":[94],"results":[95,142],"terms":[97,120],"classification":[99],"able":[106],"recognize":[108],"91.59":[109],"%":[110],"our":[112,141,150],"test":[113],"correctly,":[115],"well":[117],"computational":[122],"time":[123],"reduction.":[124],"more":[128],"efficient":[129],"most":[131],"experiments":[132],"when":[133],"comparing":[134],"GA":[136],"PSO.":[138],"When":[139],"compared":[140],"other":[144,156],"related":[145],"works":[146],"we":[147],"find":[148],"that":[149],"result":[151],"highest":[154],"among":[155],"published":[157],"results.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}