{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2559370084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7743819","title":"Generating boundary values from OCL constraints using constraints rewriting and search algorithms","display_name":"Generating boundary values from OCL constraints using constraints rewriting and search algorithms","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2559370084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7743819","mag":"2559370084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7743819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7743819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076142098","display_name":"Shaukat Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-3519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaukat Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058828089","display_name":"Tao Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-5577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory Norway","University of Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046586405","display_name":"Xiang Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9925-856X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102940467","display_name":"Hong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0872-528X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"379","last_page":"386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-constraint-language","display_name":"Object Constraint Language","score":0.6201465725898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6136983036994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6128130555152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-logic-programming","display_name":"Constraint logic programming","score":0.5539968609809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5519237518310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.46348410844802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4592643976211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.4588840901851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-elimination","display_name":"Variable elimination","score":0.431438684463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4160270094871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4147208333015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34119656682014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","score":0.3076234459877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.30671846866607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30555689334869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28007131814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19223156571388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13031697273254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.09545239806175232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133264317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397689","display_name":"Object Constraint Language","level":5,"score":0.6201465725898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6136983036994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6128130555152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164378","display_name":"Constraint logic programming","level":4,"score":0.5539968609809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5519237518310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.46348410844802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4592643976211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.4588840901851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169272836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5668307","display_name":"Variable elimination","level":3,"score":0.431438684463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4160270094871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4147208333015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34119656682014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44616089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","level":3,"score":0.3076234459877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.30671846866607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30555689334869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28007131814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19223156571388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13031697273254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.09545239806175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41298492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781506","display_name":"Applications of UML","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2016.7743819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7743819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15437288","https://openalex.org/W184219092","https://openalex.org/W413926619","https://openalex.org/W1492469996","https://openalex.org/W1510802815","https://openalex.org/W1551692623","https://openalex.org/W1596127723","https://openalex.org/W1639950690","https://openalex.org/W1759447288","https://openalex.org/W1977321274","https://openalex.org/W2000120760","https://openalex.org/W2009543464","https://openalex.org/W2051783870","https://openalex.org/W2064147556","https://openalex.org/W2085614195","https://openalex.org/W2099106391","https://openalex.org/W2101183411","https://openalex.org/W2101629181","https://openalex.org/W2110337982","https://openalex.org/W2114869486","https://openalex.org/W2114900930","https://openalex.org/W2119284483","https://openalex.org/W2122450894","https://openalex.org/W2127229029","https://openalex.org/W2130274814","https://openalex.org/W2133390921","https://openalex.org/W2133803083","https://openalex.org/W2138428785","https://openalex.org/W2148514989","https://openalex.org/W2150564256","https://openalex.org/W2165220807","https://openalex.org/W2213891260","https://openalex.org/W4253955060","https://openalex.org/W6600609793","https://openalex.org/W6630733039","https://openalex.org/W6633061023","https://openalex.org/W6636817875","https://openalex.org/W6676517865","https://openalex.org/W6676967241","https://openalex.org/W6682512513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486916474","https://openalex.org/W1980681296","https://openalex.org/W2097415053","https://openalex.org/W1531664660","https://openalex.org/W2175178858","https://openalex.org/W1496100162","https://openalex.org/W1597500234","https://openalex.org/W202947224","https://openalex.org/W1481901344","https://openalex.org/W1524071251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,50],"key":[1],"component":[2],"of":[3,9,35,42,66,78,82,93,117,128,133,158,196,203,212],"model-based":[4],"testing":[5],"is":[6,61,85],"the":[7,17,28,40,70,74,80,91,97,115,201,204,209],"generation":[8,108],"test":[10,36,43,55,83,88,106,112],"data":[11,37,56,84,89,107,113],"from":[12,57,183],"constraints":[13,129,182,213],"(e.g.,":[14],"specified":[15,26],"in":[16,27,96,121,140,206,214],"Object":[18],"Constraint":[19],"Language":[20,31],"(OCL))":[21],"associated":[22],"with":[23],"models":[24],"e.g.,":[25,45],"Unified":[29],"Modeling":[30],"(UML).":[32],"The":[33],"quality":[34,81],"eventually":[38],"determines":[39],"effectiveness":[41],"cases,":[44],"fault":[46],"detection":[47],"and":[48,135,175,199],"coverage.":[49],"simple":[51],"way":[52,77],"to":[53,62,110,142],"generate":[54,111,144],"an":[58],"OCL":[59,150,181],"constraint":[60],"find":[63],"a":[64,122,156,194],"set":[65,157],"values":[67,146,211],"for":[68],"all":[69,208],"variables":[71,134],"that":[72,189],"satisfies":[73],"constraint.":[75,98,123],"One":[76],"improving":[79],"by":[86],"generating":[87],"at":[90,114],"boundaries":[92,116],"each":[94,118],"variable":[95,119],"In":[99],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102,137],"extend":[103],"our":[104,148,163,184],"search-based":[105],"approach":[109],"involved":[120],"We":[124,160],"present":[125],"different":[126,131],"cases":[127],"involving":[130],"types":[132],"how":[136],"rewrite":[138],"them":[139],"order":[141],"automatically":[143],"boundary":[145,210],"using":[147,165],"existing":[149],"Solver":[151],"called":[152],"EsOCL":[153],"based":[154],"on":[155,179,191],"heuristics.":[159],"empirically":[161],"evaluated":[162],"heuristics":[164],"three":[166],"search":[167],"algorithms,":[168],"i.e.,":[169],"Genetic":[170],"Algorithm,":[171,174],"(1+1)":[172],"Evolutionary":[173],"Alternating":[176],"Variable":[177],"Method,":[178],"industrial":[180],"previous":[185],"work.":[186],"Results":[187],"show":[188],"AVM":[190],"average":[192],"achieved":[193],"95%":[195],"success":[197],"rate":[198],"outperformed":[200],"rest":[202],"algorithms":[205],"finding":[207],"fewer":[215],"generations.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}