{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1525567347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7257065","title":"Evolving game playing strategies for Othello","display_name":"Evolving game playing strategies for Othello","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1525567347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7257065","mag":"1525567347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7257065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7257065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027196682","display_name":"Clive Frankland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clive Frankland","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060039893","display_name":"Nelishia Pillay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3902-5582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nelishia Pillay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3447","issue":null,"first_page":"1498","last_page":"1504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.7272034883499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7145980596542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6972756385803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.6853140592575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.5844075679779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5211198925971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament","display_name":"Tournament","score":0.5203046798706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4758151173591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-design","display_name":"Video game design","score":0.46114546060562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.4473617374897003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-tree","display_name":"Game tree","score":0.4378660023212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.37151557207107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3707011640071869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.3332800269126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.18264353275299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11644303798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.09683558344841003}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.7272034883499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7145980596542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6972756385803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.6853140592575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.5844075679779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5211198925971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136975688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320634","display_name":"Tournament","level":2,"score":0.5203046798706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4758151173591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47187476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336660","display_name":"Video game design","level":3,"score":0.46114546060562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.4473617374897003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95815963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377033","display_name":"Game tree","level":4,"score":0.4378660023212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.37151557207107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3707011640071869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.3332800269126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.18264353275299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11644303798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.09683558344841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7257065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7257065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167544607","https://openalex.org/W1546220908","https://openalex.org/W1568793067","https://openalex.org/W1569757501","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1983555498","https://openalex.org/W2003683447","https://openalex.org/W2016923549","https://openalex.org/W2033788048","https://openalex.org/W2046749598","https://openalex.org/W2051619803","https://openalex.org/W2133067606","https://openalex.org/W2138431811","https://openalex.org/W2570979475","https://openalex.org/W6634207727","https://openalex.org/W6634279960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383535542","https://openalex.org/W3193783858","https://openalex.org/W4383560925","https://openalex.org/W2523674799","https://openalex.org/W1973194029","https://openalex.org/W4287370909","https://openalex.org/W2252918381","https://openalex.org/W3121173017","https://openalex.org/W2914188613","https://openalex.org/W332195970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1,36,180,198],"been":[2],"a":[3,66,88],"fair":[4],"amount":[5],"of":[6,11,17,33,82,108,120,184],"research":[7,35,60,104],"into":[8,216],"the":[9,15,51,94,109,124,182,185,217],"use":[10,43],"genetic":[12],"programming":[13,73],"for":[14,21,42,189,194,202,213],"induction":[16],"game":[18,46,78,95,145,191],"playing":[19,47,79,96,192],"strategies":[20,80,97,110,193],"board":[22,144,195],"games":[23],"such":[24,49],"as":[25,50,149],"chess,":[26],"checkers,":[27],"backgammon":[28],"and":[29,106,134,155,173,204],"Othello.":[30],"A":[31],"majority":[32],"this":[34,63,103,157,207],"focused":[37],"on":[38,70,206],"developing":[39],"evaluation":[40],"functions":[41],"with":[44],"standard":[45],"algorithms":[48],"alpha-beta":[52],"algorithm":[53],"or":[54],"Monte":[55],"Carlo":[56],"tree":[57],"search.":[58],"The":[59,143,160],"presented":[61],"in":[62,91,102,114],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"different":[67],"approach":[68,188],"based":[69,205],"heuristics.":[71,83],"Genetic":[72],"is":[74,128,138,151,175],"used":[75,139,152],"to":[76,140,153],"evolve":[77],"composed":[81],"Each":[84],"evolved":[85,161,218],"strategy":[86],"represents":[87],"player.":[89],"While":[90],"previous":[92],"work":[93,209],"are":[98],"generally":[99],"created":[100,122],"offline,":[101],"learning":[105],"generation":[107],"takes":[111],"place":[112],"online,":[113],"real":[115],"time.":[116],"An":[117],"initial":[118],"population":[119],"players":[121,162],"using":[123,131],"ramped":[125],"half-and-half":[126],"method":[127],"iteratively":[129],"refined":[130],"reproduction,":[132],"mutation":[133],"crossover.":[135],"Tournament":[136],"selection":[137],"choose":[141],"parents.":[142],"Othello,":[146],"also":[147,199],"known":[148],"Reversi,":[150],"illustrate":[154],"evaluate":[156],"novel":[158,187],"approach.":[159],"were":[163],"evaluated":[164],"against":[165],"human":[166],"players,":[167],"Othello":[168],"WZebra,":[169],"AI":[170],"Factory":[171],"Reversi":[172],"Math":[174],"fun":[176],"Reversi.":[177],"This":[178],"study":[179],"revealed":[181],"potential":[183],"proposed":[186],"evolving":[190],"games.":[196],"It":[197],"identified":[200],"areas":[201],"improvement":[203],"future":[208],"will":[210],"investigate":[211],"mechanisms":[212],"incorporating":[214],"mobility":[215],"players.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
