{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1595984149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256962","title":"Forming classifier ensembles with multimodal evolutionary algorithms","display_name":"Forming classifier ensembles with multimodal evolutionary algorithms","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1595984149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256962","mag":"1595984149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7256962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070865730","display_name":"Stuart Lacy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart E. Lacy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","Department of Electronics, University of York, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049325379","display_name":"Michael A. Lones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-9896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Lones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Heriot- Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Heriot- Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105232398","display_name":"Stephen L. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-2643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen L. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","Department of Electronics, University of York, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"723","last_page":"729"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7035927772521973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7028888463973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6666465997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6512706279754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6248711347579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5572637319564819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4791671335697174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.45511558651924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.43619561195373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3495468497276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7035927772521973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7028888463973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6666465997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6512706279754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6248711347579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5572637319564819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4791671335697174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45511558651924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.43619561195373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3495468497276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7256962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320298","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322835","display_name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/042ge0913"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49093931","https://openalex.org/W1492417045","https://openalex.org/W1512322814","https://openalex.org/W1538835152","https://openalex.org/W1546113605","https://openalex.org/W1563620825","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1597825623","https://openalex.org/W1600469680","https://openalex.org/W1676820704","https://openalex.org/W1994830145","https://openalex.org/W2004338242","https://openalex.org/W2055531611","https://openalex.org/W2061119986","https://openalex.org/W2087327261","https://openalex.org/W2093799708","https://openalex.org/W2096590200","https://openalex.org/W2100805904","https://openalex.org/W2104805548","https://openalex.org/W2106748422","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2115629999","https://openalex.org/W2126489459","https://openalex.org/W2135293965","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2145833756","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2167055186","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4212817109","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4387688680","https://openalex.org/W6602023597","https://openalex.org/W6632582745","https://openalex.org/W6633774736","https://openalex.org/W6633905613","https://openalex.org/W6635525762","https://openalex.org/W6676769703","https://openalex.org/W6681651645","https://openalex.org/W6966931237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W2490303674","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2609066826","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W2030292806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensemble":[0],"classifiers":[1,132],"have":[2],"become":[3],"popular":[4],"in":[5,38,45,57],"recent":[6],"years":[7],"owing":[8],"to":[9,12,20,32,95,129],"their":[10],"ability":[11],"produce":[13],"robust":[14],"predictive":[15],"models":[16,151],"that":[17,123,134],"generalise":[18],"well":[19,30],"previously":[21],"unseen":[22],"data.":[23],"In":[24,75],"principle,":[25],"Evolutionary":[26],"Algorithms":[27],"(EAs)":[28],"are":[29,48],"suited":[31],"ensemble":[33,131],"generation":[34],"since":[35],"they":[36,47],"result":[37],"a":[39,80,142],"pool":[40],"of":[41,116,137],"trained":[42],"classifiers.":[43],"However,":[44],"practice":[46],"infrequently":[49],"used":[50,94],"for":[51,66,103],"this":[52,76],"purpose.":[53],"Current":[54],"research":[55],"trends":[56],"the":[58,114,135,153],"EA":[59],"community":[60],"focus":[61,100],"on":[62,101],"relatively":[63],"complex":[64],"mechanisms":[65],"building":[67],"ensembles,":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70],"co-evolution":[71],"and":[72,108,133],"multi-objective":[73],"optimisation.":[74],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"take":[79],"back-to-basics":[81],"approach,":[82],"studying":[83],"whether":[84],"conventional":[85],"EAs,":[86],"augmented":[87],"with":[88],"simple":[89,124],"niching":[90,125],"strategies,":[91],"can":[92,127],"be":[93],"form":[96],"accurate":[97,130],"ensembles.":[98],"We":[99,111],"crowding":[102],"this,":[104],"considering":[105],"both":[106],"deterministic":[107],"probabilistic":[109],"variants.":[110],"also":[112],"consider":[113],"effect":[115],"different":[117],"similarity":[118,138],"measures.":[119],"Our":[120],"results":[121],"suggest":[122],"methods":[126],"lead":[128],"choice":[136],"measure":[139],"is":[140],"not":[141],"significant":[143],"factor.":[144],"A":[145],"further":[146],"study":[147],"using":[148],"heterogeneous":[149],"classifier":[150],"within":[152],"population":[154],"showed":[155],"no":[156],"added":[157],"benefit.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
