{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1590338622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256896","title":"Optimizing highly constrained truck loadings using a self-adaptive genetic algorithm","display_name":"Optimizing highly constrained truck loadings using a self-adaptive genetic algorithm","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1590338622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256896","mag":"1590338622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7256896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064521187","display_name":"Sander van Rijn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-041X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sander van Rijn","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands","LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007378438","display_name":"Michael Emmerich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Emmerich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands","Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000375310","display_name":"Edgar Reehuis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Reehuis","raw_affiliation_strings":["DENC Netherlands B.V., Slochterenlaan 12, 1405 AM, Bussum, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DENC Netherlands B.V., Slochterenlaan 12, 1405 AM, Bussum, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062646838","display_name":"Thomas B\u00e4ck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6768-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I210716285","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Leiden","ror":"https://ror.org/0093src13","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I210716285"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B\u00e4ck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands","Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337","https://openalex.org/I210716285"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Group, LIACS, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064521187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93734805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"227","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6829535961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.6711012125015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.624582052230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-mutation","display_name":"Adaptive mutation","score":0.6224122643470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5762771964073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.5594961643218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5482429265975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5107760429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.5043226480484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.48971012234687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation-rate","display_name":"Mutation rate","score":0.43656715750694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3971572518348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21286889910697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1993180513381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18068969249725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.06349954009056091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6829535961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.6711012125015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.624582052230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680754","display_name":"Adaptive mutation","level":3,"score":0.6224122643470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5762771964073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.5594961643218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5482429265975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5107760429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.5043226480484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48971012234687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98638677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067051","display_name":"Mutation rate","level":3,"score":0.43656715750694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3971572518348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21286889910697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1993180513381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18068969249725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.06349954009056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7256896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981970233","https://openalex.org/W2028112889","https://openalex.org/W2046784609","https://openalex.org/W2048325170","https://openalex.org/W2053482949","https://openalex.org/W2055531636","https://openalex.org/W2075957730","https://openalex.org/W2100185418","https://openalex.org/W2105554655","https://openalex.org/W2132296993","https://openalex.org/W2147816005","https://openalex.org/W2163242049","https://openalex.org/W2168373012","https://openalex.org/W4251224654","https://openalex.org/W6664434640","https://openalex.org/W6679563695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033002572","https://openalex.org/W2147614814","https://openalex.org/W2952766097","https://openalex.org/W2240855958","https://openalex.org/W4298400984","https://openalex.org/W4231831369","https://openalex.org/W2136281516","https://openalex.org/W4311471794","https://openalex.org/W2889090963","https://openalex.org/W4238875423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"research":[1],"into":[2,21],"the":[3,28,64],"Container":[4],"Loading":[5],"problem":[6,12,50,53,105],"has":[7],"been":[8],"done":[9],"on":[10],"theoretical":[11],"sets":[13],"and":[14,87,128],"while":[15],"taking":[16],"one":[17],"or":[18],"two":[19,69],"constraints":[20],"account.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper":[25],"we":[26,108],"discuss":[27],"successful":[29],"implementation":[30],"of":[31,73,101],"a":[32,40,48,82,99],"self-adaptive":[33],"Genetic":[34],"Algorithm":[35],"applying":[36],"only":[37],"mutation,":[38],"with":[39,51,68,79,88],"variable":[41],"mutation":[42,70,84],"rate.":[43],"This":[44],"is":[45],"applied":[46],"to":[47,115],"real-world":[49],"actual":[52],"instances":[54],"from":[55],"industry.":[56],"We":[57],"introduce":[58],"an":[59],"abstract,":[60],"indirect":[61],"representation":[62],"for":[63,98],"considered":[65],"loadings":[66,127],"together":[67],"strategies.":[71],"Solutions":[72],"these":[74],"different":[75],"strategies":[76],"are":[77,125],"compared":[78],"each":[80],"other,":[81],"static":[83],"rate":[85],"GA,":[86],"solutions":[89],"created":[90],"by":[91,118],"human":[92,120],"planners":[93],"as":[94],"used":[95],"in":[96],"industry,":[97],"set":[100],"over":[102],"500":[103],"realworld":[104],"instances.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"examine":[109],"how":[110],"our":[111],"automated":[112],"results":[113],"compare":[114],"those":[116],"generated":[117],"experienced":[119],"planners,":[121],"showing":[122],"that":[123],"they":[124],"valid":[126],"match":[129],"fitness":[130],"values.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
