{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1548704274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256876","title":"Load balancing in heterogeneous networks using an evolutionary algorithm","display_name":"Load balancing in heterogeneous networks using an evolutionary algorithm","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1548704274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256876","mag":"1548704274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7256876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256876","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7297","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026836418","display_name":"Michael Fenton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-9574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Fenton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, School of Business, Dublin","Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, School of Business, Dublin","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090649387","display_name":"David Lynch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-9781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lynch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, School of Business, Dublin","Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, School of Business, Dublin","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069119548","display_name":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Ku\u010dera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stepan Kucera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042709606","display_name":"Holger Clau\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-2082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Claussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001619292","display_name":"Michael O\u2019Neill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael O'Neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Dublin, IE","Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, IE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6067,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84832296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"70","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.9093513488769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7852542400360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7491905689239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.7042026519775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6188931465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.537145733833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5165418982505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4300297796726227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32727766036987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.14615705609321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11475768685340881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1070336401462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07577905058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07486456632614136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.9093513488769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7852542400360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7491905689239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.7042026519775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6188931465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.537145733833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5165418982505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4300297796726227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32727766036987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.14615705609321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11475768685340881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1070336401462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07577905058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07486456632614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2015.7256876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7256876","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.ucd.ie:10197/7297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7297","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402280","display_name":"Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","host_organization_name":"University College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Publication"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.ucd.ie:10197/7297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7297","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402280","display_name":"Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","host_organization_name":"University College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Publication"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2599740071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/IA/1850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1548704274.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1548704274.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591905249","https://openalex.org/W1503370304","https://openalex.org/W1557308442","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1593481303","https://openalex.org/W1594104973","https://openalex.org/W1963533680","https://openalex.org/W1983770999","https://openalex.org/W2006121388","https://openalex.org/W2012826043","https://openalex.org/W2014614796","https://openalex.org/W2115890055","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2136530738","https://openalex.org/W2142401419","https://openalex.org/W2296218809","https://openalex.org/W3105008212","https://openalex.org/W3125050562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583194654","https://openalex.org/W2185389245","https://openalex.org/W1964245459","https://openalex.org/W2248871425","https://openalex.org/W4377970692","https://openalex.org/W2162063029","https://openalex.org/W2944222538","https://openalex.org/W2022863591","https://openalex.org/W2563943286","https://openalex.org/W4285073151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grammatical":[0],"Evolution":[1],"(GE)":[2],"is":[3,26,51,79],"applied":[4],"to":[5,30,58,70,81,112],"the":[6],"problem":[7],"of":[8,45],"load":[9,24,72,83,103],"balancing":[10,25,73,84],"in":[11,48,53,68,74,87],"heterogeneous":[12],"cellular":[13,20],"network":[14,32],"deployments":[15],"(HetNets).":[16],"HetNets":[17],"are":[18],"multi-tiered":[19],"networks":[21],"for":[22,97,102],"which":[23,49,61],"a":[27,43,54,100,108],"scalable":[28],"means":[29],"maximise":[31],"capacity,":[33],"assuming":[34],"similar":[35],"traffic":[36],"from":[37],"all":[38],"users.":[39],"This":[40,105],"paper":[41],"describes":[42],"proof":[44],"concept":[46],"study":[47],"GE":[50,98],"used":[52],"genetic":[55],"algorithm-like":[56],"way":[57],"evolve":[59],"constants":[60],"represent":[62],"cell":[63],"power":[64],"and":[65,89],"selection":[66],"bias":[67],"order":[69],"achieve":[71,82],"HetNets.":[75],"A":[76],"fitness":[77],"metric":[78],"derived":[80],"both":[85],"locally":[86],"sectors":[88],"globally":[90],"across":[91],"tiers.":[92],"Initial":[93],"results":[94],"show":[95],"promise":[96],"as":[99],"heuristic":[101],"balancing.":[104],"finding":[106],"motivates":[107],"more":[109],"sophisticated":[110],"grammar":[111],"bring":[113],"enhanced":[114],"Inter-Cell":[115],"Interference":[116],"Coordination":[117],"optimisation":[118],"into":[119],"an":[120],"evolutionary":[121],"framework.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
