{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138507099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900316","title":"What are dynamic optimization problems?","display_name":"What are dynamic optimization problems?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138507099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900316","mag":"2138507099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2014.6900316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/24876/1/Dynamic_optimization_problems.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109476550","display_name":"Haobo Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","CERCIA, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERCIA, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045599982","display_name":"Peter R. Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter R. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University,Birmingham,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University,Birmingham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066418464","display_name":"Bernhard Sendhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-9584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Sendhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda Research Institute Europe, Offenbach, Germany","Honda Research Institute Europe, 63073 Offenbach, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe, Offenbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe, 63073 Offenbach, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021254405","display_name":"Ke Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6236-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBRI. School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","[UBRI, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBRI. School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[UBRI, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635494","display_name":"Xin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-4442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","CERCIA, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERCIA, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91373537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1550","last_page":"1557"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8705707788467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7748398780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.707757294178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5491341948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5069701671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4915495812892914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4707380533218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4423118531703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.427681028842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38632068037986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15832194685935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15606871247291565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8705707788467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7748398780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.707757294178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5491341948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5069701671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4915495812892914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4707380533218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4423118531703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.427681028842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38632068037986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15832194685935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15606871247291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2014.6900316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:24876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/d8059955a06262ba0f3874c0e5d9abaf.html>,","pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/24876/1/Dynamic_optimization_problems.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/882a3601-a44e-4240-a1c7-5236dc9972fd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/882a3601-a44e-4240-a1c7-5236dc9972fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fu, H, Lewis, P R, Sendhoff, B, Tang, K & Yao, X 2014, What are dynamic optimization problems? in Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2014., 6900316, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 1550-1557, 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2014, Beijing, China, 6/07/14. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2014.6900316","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:24876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/d8059955a06262ba0f3874c0e5d9abaf.html>,","pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/24876/1/Dynamic_optimization_problems.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book Section"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931243179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61329302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3975464728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K001523/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4957711484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-12-0512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","funder_display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6794522244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017515/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7254801400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61175065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7737484549","display_name":"Nature Inspired Computation and its Applications","funder_award_id":"247619","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8346632801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"247619","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8793558268","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation for Dynamic Optimisation in Network Environments","funder_award_id":"EP/K001523/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138507099.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138507099.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W150687597","https://openalex.org/W185184210","https://openalex.org/W1496579646","https://openalex.org/W1543829574","https://openalex.org/W1570270745","https://openalex.org/W1573621399","https://openalex.org/W1604938078","https://openalex.org/W1608551892","https://openalex.org/W1696786035","https://openalex.org/W1999113027","https://openalex.org/W2051997886","https://openalex.org/W2115123613","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2134412067","https://openalex.org/W2137130066","https://openalex.org/W2138882518","https://openalex.org/W2143072546","https://openalex.org/W2147585405","https://openalex.org/W2148458253","https://openalex.org/W2148653444","https://openalex.org/W2156106639","https://openalex.org/W2160958384","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6606244921","https://openalex.org/W6633986300","https://openalex.org/W6676869237","https://openalex.org/W6680842382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2726551571","https://openalex.org/W2130703626","https://openalex.org/W4297582752","https://openalex.org/W4285805405","https://openalex.org/W2391924736","https://openalex.org/W3133779647","https://openalex.org/W1560122427","https://openalex.org/W2021957875","https://openalex.org/W2802808995","https://openalex.org/W2787833928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0,25],"Optimization":[1,26],"Problems":[2],"(DOPs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5,85],"widely":[6],"studied":[7],"using":[8],"Evolutionary":[9,24],"Algorithms":[10],"(EAs).":[11],"Yet,":[12],"a":[13,34,54],"clear":[14],"and":[15,58,120,130,147],"rigorous":[16],"definition":[17,36,72],"of":[18,37,43,64,73,91,104,128,144],"DOPs":[19,38,68,129,136],"is":[20,98,107],"lacking":[21],"in":[22,46,125],"the":[23,41,47,101,115,142],"(EDO)":[27],"community.":[28,51],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32],"propose":[33],"unified":[35],"based":[39],"on":[40,88,114],"idea":[42],"multiple-decision-making":[44],"discussed":[45],"Reinforcement":[48],"Learning":[49],"(RL)":[50],"We":[52,75],"draw":[53],"connection":[55],"between":[56],"EDO":[57,80,119,146],"RL":[59,82,121,148],"by":[60,140],"arguing":[61],"that":[62,78,118],"both":[63,145],"them":[65],"are":[66,123],"studying":[67],"according":[69],"to":[70],"our":[71],"DOPs.":[74,92],"point":[76],"out":[77],"existing":[79],"or":[81],"research":[83],"has":[84],"mainly":[86],"focused":[87],"some":[89],"types":[90,127],"A":[93],"conceptualized":[94],"benchmark":[95,116],"problem,":[96],"which":[97],"aimed":[99],"at":[100],"systematic":[102],"study":[103],"various":[105],"DOPs,":[106],"then":[108],"developed.":[109],"Some":[110],"interesting":[111],"experimental":[112],"studies":[113],"reveal":[117],"methods":[122],"specialized":[124],"certain":[126],"more":[131],"importantly":[132],"new":[133],"algorithms":[134],"for":[135],"can":[137],"be":[138],"developed":[139],"combining":[141],"strength":[143],"methods.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
