{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038365136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900240","title":"Analysis and classification of optimisation benchmark functions and benchmark suites","display_name":"Analysis and classification of optimisation benchmark functions and benchmark suites","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038365136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900240","mag":"2038365136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2014.6900240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033703774","display_name":"Robert W. Garden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Garden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa","Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South-Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South-Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039197997","display_name":"Andries P. Engelbrecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-3539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andries P. Engelbrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa","Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South-Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South-Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033703774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95234929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1641","last_page":"1649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.9701069593429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.8901822566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6860373616218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6296157836914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6026230454444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.49271300435066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.452227383852005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44426923990249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.4113152325153351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3903530538082123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09501203894615173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.9701069593429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.8901822566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6860373616218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6296157836914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6026230454444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.49271300435066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.452227383852005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44426923990249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4113152325153351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3903530538082123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09501203894615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2014.6900240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246566237","https://openalex.org/W1499983649","https://openalex.org/W1576426930","https://openalex.org/W1592244475","https://openalex.org/W1933385826","https://openalex.org/W1972278817","https://openalex.org/W1987461466","https://openalex.org/W2028186927","https://openalex.org/W2030258362","https://openalex.org/W2032218515","https://openalex.org/W2044400415","https://openalex.org/W2132181343","https://openalex.org/W2150343770","https://openalex.org/W2294444706","https://openalex.org/W4245176872","https://openalex.org/W6640368482","https://openalex.org/W6679381669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379115841","https://openalex.org/W2083794993","https://openalex.org/W1511772879","https://openalex.org/W4394660363","https://openalex.org/W2186315912","https://openalex.org/W2248125223","https://openalex.org/W2588591308","https://openalex.org/W2910542634","https://openalex.org/W2127898439","https://openalex.org/W3082894236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"and":[1,30,74,93,122],"existing":[2],"optimisation":[3],"algorithms":[4],"are":[5,135,146,149,166,171],"often":[6],"compared":[7],"by":[8,114],"evaluating":[9],"their":[10],"performance":[11],"on":[12,42,126],"a":[13,26,33,53,100,116,140],"benchmark":[14,70,91,109,164],"suite.":[15],"This":[16,82,111],"set":[17],"of":[18,28,36,56,87,104,108,143,168],"functions":[19,50,64,78,124,137,169],"aims":[20],"to":[21,62,98,120,175],"evaluate":[22],"the":[23,38,49,69,72,77,85,105,176],"algorithm":[24,39],"across":[25],"range":[27,142],"problems":[29],"serves":[31],"as":[32,52],"baseline":[34],"measurement":[35],"how":[37],"may":[40],"perform":[41],"real-world":[43],"problems.":[44,59],"It":[45,129],"is":[46,112,130,160],"important":[47],"that":[48,65,132,138,148,162],"serve":[51],"good":[54],"representative":[55],"commonly":[57,89],"occurring":[58],"In":[60],"order":[61],"select":[63],"will":[66],"make":[67],"up":[68],"suite,":[71],"characteristics":[73,97,147],"relationships":[75],"among":[76],"must":[79],"be":[80],"known.":[81],"paper":[83],"characterises":[84],"landscapes":[86],"two":[88],"used":[90],"suites,":[92],"uses":[94],"these":[95],"landscape":[96,127],"obtain":[99],"high":[101],"level":[102],"view":[103],"current":[106],"state":[107],"functions.":[110],"done":[113],"using":[115],"self-organising":[117],"feature":[118],"map":[119],"cluster":[121],"analyse":[123],"based":[125],"characteristics.":[128,178],"found":[131],"while":[133],"there":[134,145],"numerous":[136],"cover":[139],"wide":[141],"characteristics,":[144],"under":[150],"represented,":[151],"or":[152],"not":[153],"even":[154],"covered":[155],"at":[156],"all.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"it":[159],"discovered":[161],"common":[163],"suites":[165],"composed":[167],"which":[170],"highly":[172],"similar":[173],"according":[174],"measured":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
