{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983210633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557728","title":"Competitive coevolution in Ms. Pac-Man","display_name":"Competitive coevolution in Ms. Pac-Man","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983210633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557728","mag":"1983210633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2013.6557728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008644923","display_name":"Andrew Borg Cardona","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","display_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/02309jg23","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Borg Cardona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","Center for Computer Games Research, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Games Research, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077267552","display_name":"Julian Togelius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3128-4598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","display_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/02309jg23","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Togelius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","Center for Computer Games Research, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Games Research, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101866629","display_name":"Mark Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-8896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","display_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/02309jg23","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark J. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","Center for Computer Games Research, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Games Research, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008644923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94189057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1403","last_page":"1410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coevolution","display_name":"Coevolution","score":0.8764991760253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8093531131744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7288459539413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.6192747950553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-relation","display_name":"Transitive relation","score":0.5937992930412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5085552930831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4750887453556061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13686051964759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.12251561880111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09356173872947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07461407780647278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33009525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208841","display_name":"Coevolution","level":2,"score":0.8764991760253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8093531131744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7288459539413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6192747950553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191399111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861","display_name":"Transitive relation","level":2,"score":0.5937992930412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5085552930831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4750887453556061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13686051964759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.12251561880111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09356173872947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07461407780647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2013.6557728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.366.4771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.366.4771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://julian.togelius.com/BorgCardona2013Competitive.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007365416","https://openalex.org/W2020815519","https://openalex.org/W2103476564","https://openalex.org/W2112180705","https://openalex.org/W2114844046","https://openalex.org/W2117179645","https://openalex.org/W2117564498","https://openalex.org/W2127197749","https://openalex.org/W2128262600","https://openalex.org/W2128996174","https://openalex.org/W2129200944","https://openalex.org/W2131600418","https://openalex.org/W2132625905","https://openalex.org/W2150304264","https://openalex.org/W2151168093","https://openalex.org/W2169157770","https://openalex.org/W2169803171","https://openalex.org/W2170567160","https://openalex.org/W2787259794","https://openalex.org/W2984808340","https://openalex.org/W6679111581","https://openalex.org/W6681793208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W4285042611","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W3092582874","https://openalex.org/W2338718585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,32],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,8,16,49,54,72,84],"suitability":[6],"of":[7,51,71,88,100],"arcade":[9],"game":[10],"Ms.":[11],"Pac-Man,":[12],"as":[13,23],"implemented":[14],"in":[15,46,80,83],"recent":[17],"Pac-Man":[18,39,81,94],"versus":[19],"Ghost":[20],"Teams":[21],"Competition,":[22],"a":[24,90,102],"testbed":[25],"for":[26],"competitive":[27,34],"coevolution.":[28],"To":[29],"that":[30,99],"end,":[31],"explore":[33],"co-evolution":[35],"techniques":[36],"to":[37],"co-evolve":[38],"and":[40,57,63,104],"Ghosts":[41,106],"team":[42],"controllers.":[43,65],"We":[44,66],"analyze":[45],"some":[47],"detail":[48],"dynamics":[50],"evolution":[52,62],"between":[53,69],"two":[55,73],"classes":[56],"compare":[58],"them":[59],"with":[60],"single-objective":[61],"static":[64],"note":[67],"differences":[68],"evolutions":[70],"classes,":[74],"having":[75],"observed":[76],"higher":[77],"fitness":[78],"transitivity":[79],"than":[82,98],"Ghosts.":[85],"The":[86],"problem":[87],"finding":[89,101],"well-performing":[91],"general":[92,105],"purpose":[93],"is":[95],"far":[96],"different":[97],"good":[103],"controller.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}