{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965587495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557681","title":"The travelling thief problem: The first step in the transition from theoretical problems to realistic problems","display_name":"The travelling thief problem: The first step in the transition from theoretical problems to realistic problems","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965587495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557681","mag":"1965587495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2013.6557681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557681","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003490724","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Bonyadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-4902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Bonyadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072022501","display_name":"Zbigniew Michalewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017851245","display_name":"Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01v542j61","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017851245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["AU","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zbigniew Michalewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland","Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw, Poland","School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","SolveIT Software Private Limited, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017851245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SolveIT Software Private Limited, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035828142","display_name":"Luigi Barone","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Barone","raw_affiliation_strings":["SolveIT Software Private Limited, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SolveIT Software Private Limited, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003490724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98803986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1037","last_page":"1044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7832193374633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knapsack-problem","display_name":"Knapsack problem","score":0.7257063388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.663375735282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.6328843832015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5625022649765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5312286019325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5223509073257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.48402637243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.43652400374412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.42270150780677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3172134757041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2057451605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20133495330810547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7832193374633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.7257063388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.663375735282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.6328843832015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5625022649765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5312286019325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5223509073257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.48402637243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43652400374412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.42270150780677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3172134757041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2057451605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20133495330810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2013.6557681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557681","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/82585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/82585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2013.6557681","raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:396049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187492979","https://openalex.org/W1494649436","https://openalex.org/W1508419498","https://openalex.org/W1549861824","https://openalex.org/W1555689267","https://openalex.org/W1563568831","https://openalex.org/W1603508565","https://openalex.org/W1814328155","https://openalex.org/W1936925833","https://openalex.org/W1999856734","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2032932574","https://openalex.org/W2037976546","https://openalex.org/W2042986967","https://openalex.org/W2049967755","https://openalex.org/W2058937865","https://openalex.org/W2072441740","https://openalex.org/W2076756604","https://openalex.org/W2093436788","https://openalex.org/W2102543230","https://openalex.org/W2119980860","https://openalex.org/W2149591382","https://openalex.org/W2163428398","https://openalex.org/W2171682893","https://openalex.org/W2395511881","https://openalex.org/W2399100674","https://openalex.org/W4214597316","https://openalex.org/W4252732074","https://openalex.org/W6633323278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W241127407","https://openalex.org/W2381035939","https://openalex.org/W1521824362","https://openalex.org/W2133728917","https://openalex.org/W4297427155","https://openalex.org/W3136451934","https://openalex.org/W3025823153","https://openalex.org/W3200006077","https://openalex.org/W2975368677","https://openalex.org/W2170228269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,53,91,109,165,174,180,196,204],"some":[2,14],"questions":[3],"concerning":[4],"the":[5,33,55,77,119,122,126,140,154,158,168,189],"applicability":[6],"of":[7,35,59,72,79,88,103,121,128,150,170,178,188],"meta-heuristic":[8],"methods":[9],"for":[10,68,118,167,200,211],"real-world":[11,36,80,89,99,123],"problems;":[12],"further,":[13],"researchers":[15,47],"claim":[16],"there":[17,64],"is":[18,31,38,65,116,134,144,147,216],"a":[19,66,69,148,209],"growing":[20,39],"gap":[21],"between":[22],"research":[23],"and":[24,94,157],"practice":[25],"in":[26,130,184,206],"this":[27,83],"area.":[28],"The":[29,193],"reason":[30],"that":[32,52,75,98,108,182,195],"complexity":[34,120,129],"problems":[37,51,74,90,100,133],"very":[40],"fast":[41],"(e.g.":[42],"due":[43],"to":[44],"globalisation),":[45],"while":[46,125],"experiment":[48],"with":[49],"benchmark":[50,73,132],"fundamentally":[54],"same":[56],"as":[57],"those":[58],"50":[60],"years":[61],"ago.":[62],"Thus":[63],"need":[67],"new":[70,137],"class":[71],"reflect":[76],"characteristics":[78,87],"problems.":[81],"In":[82],"paper,":[84],"two":[85,104,151,172,186,202,214],"main":[86],"introduced:":[92],"combination":[93,149],"interdependence.":[95],"We":[96],"argue":[97],"usually":[101],"consist":[102],"or":[105],"more":[106],"sub-problems":[107,173],"interdependent":[110],"(to":[111],"each":[112],"other).":[113],"This":[114],"interdependence":[115,169],"responsible":[117,166],"problems,":[124,153],"type":[127],"current":[131],"missing.":[135],"A":[136],"problem,":[138,143],"called":[139],"travelling":[141,159,190],"thief":[142,191],"introduced;":[145],"it":[146],"well-known":[152],"knapsack":[155],"problem":[156],"salesman":[160],"problem.":[161,192],"Some":[162],"parameters":[163,179],"which":[164],"these":[171,201,213],"defined.":[175],"Two":[176],"sets":[177],"introduced":[181],"result":[183],"generating":[185,212],"instances":[187,203,215],"complexities":[194],"raised":[197],"by":[198],"interdependences":[199],"discussed":[205],"detail.":[207],"Finally,":[208],"procedure":[210],"given.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}