{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010979561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2012.6256518","title":"An artificial immune system for phishing detection","display_name":"An artificial immune system for phishing detection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010979561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2012.6256518","mag":"2010979561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2012.6256518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2012.6256518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101595780","display_name":"Xing Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-0341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC","Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027604189","display_name":"Nicholas Koceja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Koceja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC","Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021549646","display_name":"Justin Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-5669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, US","Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008283931","display_name":"Gerry Dozier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerry Dozier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC","Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, North Carolina A&T State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048167872","display_name":"Dipankar Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-061X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dasgupta Dipankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN","Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Greensboro, NC 27411, TN 38152, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Greensboro, NC 27411, TN 38152, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101595780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63017566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-immune-system","display_name":"Artificial immune system","score":0.865443229675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.8412666320800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7283492088317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5628458261489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5326055288314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4866717457771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.45260563492774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4387504458427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-recognition","display_name":"Immune recognition","score":0.4342038035392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42254838347435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39557942748069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3903716802597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.38782641291618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.24195072054862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17927008867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15928468108177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08444622159004211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93768804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518735","display_name":"Artificial immune system","level":2,"score":0.865443229675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.8412666320800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7283492088317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5628458261489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5326055288314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4866717457771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.45260563492774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4387504458427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018252375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune recognition","level":3,"score":0.4342038035392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42254838347435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39557942748069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3903716802597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.38782641291618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.24195072054862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17927008867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15928468108177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08444622159004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2012.6256518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2012.6256518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487207002","https://openalex.org/W1579707745","https://openalex.org/W1603063705","https://openalex.org/W1919125041","https://openalex.org/W2026158992","https://openalex.org/W2058657545","https://openalex.org/W2101536553","https://openalex.org/W2113970724","https://openalex.org/W2129624205","https://openalex.org/W2163764145","https://openalex.org/W2171718722","https://openalex.org/W2495965124","https://openalex.org/W6629167580","https://openalex.org/W6634614667","https://openalex.org/W6723790335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101715034","https://openalex.org/W2099615906","https://openalex.org/W987621908","https://openalex.org/W183200938","https://openalex.org/W1865646947","https://openalex.org/W2051115827","https://openalex.org/W2392061889","https://openalex.org/W2802332472","https://openalex.org/W2073598270","https://openalex.org/W2370631463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,68,90],"amazing":[1],"nature":[2],"of":[3,24,40,103],"biological":[4,25],"immune":[5,17,26,29,50],"systems":[6,30],"on":[7],"protecting":[8],"humans":[9],"from":[10,73],"pathogens":[11],"inspired":[12],"people":[13],"to":[14,20,33,58],"develop":[15],"artificial":[16,28,49],"systems.":[18],"Designed":[19],"simulate":[21],"the":[22,38,74,82,88,96,101,108,120],"functionalities":[23],"systems,":[27],"are":[31,71,93],"suggested":[32],"be":[34],"mainly":[35],"applied":[36],"in":[37,79],"domain":[39],"computer":[41],"security.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44,106],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"an":[48],"system":[51,56,113,121],"for":[52],"phishing":[53,60,83,129],"detection.":[54],"is":[57,107,114,122],"detect":[59],"emails":[61,84],"through":[62,95],"memory":[63,69],"detectors":[64,70,92],"and":[65],"mature":[66],"detectors.":[67],"generated":[72],"training":[75],"data":[76],"set,":[77],"which,":[78],"turn,":[80],"contains":[81],"previously":[85],"seen":[86],"by":[87],"system.":[89],"immature":[91],"reproduced":[94],"system's":[97],"mutation":[98],"process.":[99],"To":[100],"best":[102],"our":[104],"knowledge,":[105],"first":[109],"time":[110],"such":[111],"a":[112],"ever":[115],"proposed.":[116],"We":[117],"believe":[118],"that":[119],"more":[123],"adaptive":[124],"than":[125],"any":[126],"other":[127],"existing":[128],"detection":[130],"techniques.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
