{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101903625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949958","title":"Simulating chemical evolution","display_name":"Simulating chemical evolution","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101903625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949958","mag":"2101903625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2011.5949958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110195094","display_name":"In Soo Oh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"In Soo Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea","Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023081598","display_name":"Yun-Geun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Geun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea","Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021669497","display_name":"Bob McKay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3160-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ri McKay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea","Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110195094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11734574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2717","last_page":"2724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6809457540512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6692689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.596716582775116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.582370400428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.55260169506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5475767850875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5320635437965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5270150899887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5210387110710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5123544931411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4749332070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4160327911376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32769036293029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3236646056175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2880799174308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.24906659126281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1935427486896515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.1038648784160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0849657654762268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6809457540512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6692689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.596716582775116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.582370400428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.55260169506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5475767850875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5320635437965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5270150899887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5210387110710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5123544931411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4749332070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4160327911376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32769036293029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3236646056175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2880799174308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.24906659126281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1935427486896515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1038648784160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0849657654762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2011.5949958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552703317","https://openalex.org/W1559278484","https://openalex.org/W1913076613","https://openalex.org/W1927148985","https://openalex.org/W1979565259","https://openalex.org/W1987864397","https://openalex.org/W2001934216","https://openalex.org/W2011513747","https://openalex.org/W2021225519","https://openalex.org/W2032548898","https://openalex.org/W2034817839","https://openalex.org/W2035746765","https://openalex.org/W2046802601","https://openalex.org/W2064164319","https://openalex.org/W2079321730","https://openalex.org/W2079531280","https://openalex.org/W2100305057","https://openalex.org/W2106775540","https://openalex.org/W2114783261","https://openalex.org/W2143628939","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6640337206","https://openalex.org/W6681449037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297582752","https://openalex.org/W4285805405","https://openalex.org/W1634842376","https://openalex.org/W2652238734","https://openalex.org/W2391924736","https://openalex.org/W3133779647","https://openalex.org/W1560122427","https://openalex.org/W1594431409","https://openalex.org/W1995118269","https://openalex.org/W2024445065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chemical":[0],"methods":[1,90],"such":[2],"as":[3,37,126,208],"directed":[4],"evolution":[5],"and":[6,28,31,45,72,107,187,253],"some":[7],"forms":[8],"of":[9,24,91,143,198,230],"the":[10,59,84,89,100,176,181,196,226,248],"SELEX":[11],"procedure":[12],"implement":[13],"evolutionary":[14,55,92,199],"algorithms":[15],"directly":[16],"in":[17,26,34,83,111,221],"vitro.":[18],"They":[19],"have":[20,158],"a":[21,164,209],"wide":[22],"range":[23],"applications":[25,33],"detecting":[27],"targeting":[29],"diseases":[30],"potential":[32,79,96],"other":[35],"areas":[36],"well":[38],"[1].":[39],"However":[40,118],"it":[41,178],"is":[42,78,94,121,213],"relatively":[43],"difficult":[44],"expensive":[46],"to":[47,98,131,157,163,172,193,225],"carry":[48],"out":[49],"these":[50],"processes":[51],"(by":[52],"comparison":[53],"with":[54],"computation),":[56],"so":[57,124,201],"that":[58,180,202],"underlying":[60],"theory":[61],"has":[62],"seen":[63],"limited":[64],"development.":[65],"For":[66],"more":[67,184],"complex":[68,104],"problems,":[69],"where":[70,149,228],"multiple":[71],"dynamic":[73],"objectives":[74],"are":[75,128,155,190],"involved,":[76],"there":[77],"for":[80,169],"substantial":[81],"improvement":[82],"search":[85],"protocols.":[86],"Simulation":[87],"through":[88],"computation":[93],"one":[95,141],"way":[97],"gain":[99],"necessary":[101],"insights.":[102,134],"The":[103],"fitness":[105,161],"functions":[106],"huge":[108],"populations":[109,229],"involved":[110],"combinatorial":[112],"chemistry":[113],"render":[114],"detailed":[115,119,185],"simulation":[116,120],"infeasible.":[117],"not":[122,153,191],"needed,":[123],"long":[125],"simulations":[127,186],"sufficiently":[129,159],"similar":[130,160],"yield":[132],"qualitative":[133],"In":[135,175],"this":[136],"paper,":[137],"we":[138],"investigate":[139],"whether":[140],"class":[142],"problems":[144],"those":[145],"involving":[146],"short-chain":[147],"evolution,":[148],"stereochemical":[150],"effects":[151],"do":[152],"dominate":[154],"likely":[156],"landscapes":[162],"simple":[165],"problem,":[166],"string":[167,188,203,216],"matching,":[168],"useful":[170],"inferences":[171],"be":[173,206,219,244],"made.":[174],"outcome,":[177],"appears":[179],"differences":[182],"between":[183,251],"matching":[189,204,217],"sufficient":[192],"significantly":[194],"alter":[195],"behaviour":[197],"algorithms,":[200],"could":[205],"used":[207],"realistic":[210],"surrogate.":[211],"This":[212],"valuable,":[214],"because":[215],"can":[218],"implemented":[220],"GPUs,":[222],"offering":[223],"speed-ups":[224],"level":[227],"10":[231,238],"<sup":[232,239],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[233,240],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">7</sup>":[234],",":[235,242],"or":[236],"even":[237],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">8</sup>":[241],"might":[243],"feasible,":[245],"thus":[246],"reducing":[247],"population":[249],"gap":[250],"chemical":[252],"computer":[254],"evolution.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}