{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119958165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949677","title":"Dynamic synthesis of program invariants using genetic programming","display_name":"Dynamic synthesis of program invariants using genetic programming","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119958165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949677","mag":"2119958165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2011.5949677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010684641","display_name":"Luigi Cardamone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Cardamone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano-Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano-Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084194284","display_name":"Andrea Mocci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-5676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Mocci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano-Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano-Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024976868","display_name":"Carlo Ghezzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-5011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Ghezzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano-Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano-Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010684641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12474047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"624","last_page":"631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.732310950756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.7251421213150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5776172876358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5739342570304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.5512604713439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ingenuity","display_name":"Ingenuity","score":0.5217288732528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4973290264606476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49605831503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-synthesis","display_name":"Program synthesis","score":0.48143407702445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.46716320514678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-transformation","display_name":"Program transformation","score":0.4350760281085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.42052406072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statement","display_name":"Statement (logic)","score":0.42033258080482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-analysis","display_name":"Program analysis","score":0.4168107807636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2649998068809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14192140102386475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.732310950756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.7251421213150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5776172876358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5739342570304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5512604713439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778154381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105296908","display_name":"Ingenuity","level":2,"score":0.5217288732528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4973290264606476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49605831503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117718","display_name":"Program synthesis","level":2,"score":0.48143407702445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46716320514678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778361913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248437","display_name":"Program transformation","level":2,"score":0.4350760281085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42052406072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.42033258080482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.4168107807636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2649998068809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14192140102386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2011.5949677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482827835","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1977229594","https://openalex.org/W1982177861","https://openalex.org/W2027649639","https://openalex.org/W2105678112","https://openalex.org/W2110611478","https://openalex.org/W2110908283","https://openalex.org/W2116409384","https://openalex.org/W2118570024","https://openalex.org/W2137151901","https://openalex.org/W2146178292","https://openalex.org/W2153257783","https://openalex.org/W2157215835","https://openalex.org/W2227596568","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4255079701","https://openalex.org/W6628772041","https://openalex.org/W6688956171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888997865","https://openalex.org/W2112914024","https://openalex.org/W2525463489","https://openalex.org/W1608803044","https://openalex.org/W2970480852","https://openalex.org/W2012436850","https://openalex.org/W4205784628","https://openalex.org/W2022900796","https://openalex.org/W2122686335","https://openalex.org/W2501553274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Symbolic":[0],"program":[1,8],"manipulation":[2],"plays":[3],"a":[4,55,61,80,99,103,121],"key":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,39,67,84],"comprehension":[9],"and":[10,22,71,134],"verification.":[11],"Logic":[12],"formulae":[13,107],"are":[14,132],"used":[15],"to":[16],"represent":[17],"the":[18,26,32,40,45,89,96,136],"program'":[19],"s":[20],"state":[21],"transformation":[23],"rules":[24],"describe":[25],"effect":[27,53],"of":[28,42,47,54,91,98,106,123,138],"statement":[29],"executions":[30],"on":[31],"program's":[33],"state.":[34],"A":[35],"well-known":[36],"problem":[37],"arises":[38],"case":[41],"loops,":[43],"since":[44],"number":[46],"iterations":[48],"is":[49,57],"generally":[50],"unknown.":[51],"The":[52,115,129],"loop":[56,62],"therefore":[58],"abstracted":[59],"into":[60,88],"invariant,":[63],"whose":[64],"derivation":[65],"cannot":[66],"general":[68],"be":[69],"automated":[70],"requires":[72],"human":[73],"ingenuity.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"present":[79,102],"preliminary":[81,130],"approach":[82],"that":[83,94,108],"tegrates":[85],"genetic":[86],"programming":[87],"synthesis":[90],"invariant":[92],"formula":[93],"describes":[95],"behavior":[97],"loop.":[100],"We":[101],"specific":[104],"representation":[105],"works":[109],"well":[110],"with":[111,120,126],"loops":[112],"manipulating":[113],"arrays.":[114],"technique":[116],"has":[117],"been":[118],"validated":[119],"set":[122],"relevant":[124],"examples":[125],"increasing":[127],"complexity.":[128],"results":[131],"promising":[133],"show":[135],"feasibility":[137],"our":[139],"approach.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
