{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132625905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949599","title":"Ms Pac-Man versus Ghost Team CEC 2011 competition","display_name":"Ms Pac-Man versus Ghost Team CEC 2011 competition","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132625905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949599","mag":"2132625905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2011.5949599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949599","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068859002","display_name":"Philipp Rohlfshagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Rohlfshagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","[School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062380176","display_name":"Simon M. Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon M. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","[School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068859002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.28,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98650929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"70","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.804320216178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7023900747299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-design","display_name":"Video game design","score":0.6068589091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turns-rounds-and-time-keeping-systems-in-games","display_name":"Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems in games","score":0.5964000821113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-mechanics","display_name":"Game mechanics","score":0.5360991954803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-game-theory","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","score":0.4676482379436493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.46263664960861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44422805309295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.43394190073013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.42222660779953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3841361999511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.36625567078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.2920793890953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.2823019027709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.18860888481140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08476507663726807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.804320216178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7023900747299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47187476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336660","display_name":"Video game design","level":3,"score":0.6068589091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56694532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4421045","display_name":"Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems in games","level":4,"score":0.5964000821113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170828538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751513","display_name":"Game mechanics","level":2,"score":0.5360991954803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102234262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320931","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","level":4,"score":0.4676482379436493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.46263664960861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44422805309295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.43394190073013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42222660779953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3841361999511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.36625567078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.2920793890953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2823019027709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.18860888481140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08476507663726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2011.5949599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949599","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:4112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1438942940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H048588/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161891019","https://openalex.org/W165717528","https://openalex.org/W583147454","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1580563784","https://openalex.org/W1582046617","https://openalex.org/W1603045971","https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1983286157","https://openalex.org/W2007365416","https://openalex.org/W2036493203","https://openalex.org/W2041762122","https://openalex.org/W2074021916","https://openalex.org/W2109801420","https://openalex.org/W2114844046","https://openalex.org/W2120946260","https://openalex.org/W2122762267","https://openalex.org/W2124003876","https://openalex.org/W2124145143","https://openalex.org/W2132713246","https://openalex.org/W2132990921","https://openalex.org/W2136302345","https://openalex.org/W2139470281","https://openalex.org/W2140983801","https://openalex.org/W2156609181","https://openalex.org/W2431685674","https://openalex.org/W2970175767","https://openalex.org/W3005486104","https://openalex.org/W6606592346","https://openalex.org/W6606774009","https://openalex.org/W6634944888","https://openalex.org/W6635881838","https://openalex.org/W6636578284","https://openalex.org/W6678549182","https://openalex.org/W6680442774","https://openalex.org/W6717768689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086822623","https://openalex.org/W571219209","https://openalex.org/W1891427008","https://openalex.org/W4381199393","https://openalex.org/W1515504392","https://openalex.org/W4205416126","https://openalex.org/W4379645863","https://openalex.org/W2971297581","https://openalex.org/W3007399319","https://openalex.org/W2523748286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Games":[0],"provide":[1],"an":[2],"ideal":[3],"test":[4],"bed":[5],"for":[6,153,162,169],"computational":[7,74],"intelligence":[8,94],"and":[9,67,103,112,173],"significant":[10],"progress":[11],"has":[12,48],"been":[13],"made":[14],"in":[15,20,70,87],"recent":[16],"years,":[17],"most":[18],"notably":[19],"games":[21,47,56],"such":[22],"as":[23,116,206,208],"Go,":[24],"where":[25,99],"the":[26,89,129,147,154,164,170,184,190,198,215,219],"level":[27],"of":[28,46,92,203,211,218],"play":[29,36,75],"is":[30,76],"now":[31,186],"competitive":[32],"with":[33,81,189],"expert":[34],"human":[35,82,114],"on":[37,128,149,181],"smaller":[38],"boards.":[39],"Recently,":[40],"a":[41,124,201,209],"significantly":[42],"more":[43],"complex":[44],"class":[45],"received":[49],"increasing":[50],"attention:":[51],"real-time":[52],"video":[53,132],"games.":[54],"These":[55],"pose":[57],"many":[58],"new":[59,125],"challenges,":[60],"including":[61,200],"strict":[62],"time":[63],"constraints,":[64],"simultaneous":[65],"moves":[66],"open-endedness.":[68],"Unlike":[69],"traditional":[71],"board":[72],"games,":[73],"generally":[77],"unable":[78],"to":[79,143,159],"compete":[80],"players.":[83],"One":[84],"driving":[85],"force":[86],"improving":[88],"overall":[90],"performance":[91],"artificial":[93],"players":[95,115,185],"are":[96],"game":[97,133,191,220],"competitions":[98,178],"practitioners":[100],"may":[101],"evaluate":[102],"compare":[104],"their":[105],"methods":[106],"against":[107],"those":[108],"submitted":[109],"by":[110],"others":[111],"possibly":[113],"well.":[117],"In":[118,193],"this":[119,194],"pa":[120],"per":[121],"we":[122,196],"introduce":[123,197],"competition":[126,221],"based":[127],"popular":[130],"arcade":[131],"Ms":[134,136,165,176],"Pac-Man:":[135],"Pac-Man":[137,166,177],"versus":[138],"Ghost":[139,171],"Team.":[140],"The":[141],"competition,":[142,199],"be":[144],"held":[145],"at":[146],"Congress":[148],"Evolutionary":[150],"Computation":[151],"2011":[152],"first":[155],"time,":[156],"allows":[157],"participants":[158],"develop":[160],"controllers":[161],"either":[163],"agent":[167],"or":[168],"Team":[172],"unlike":[174],"previous":[175,204],"that":[179],"relied":[180],"screen":[182],"capture,":[183],"interface":[187],"directly":[188],"engine.":[192],"paper":[195],"review":[202],"work":[205],"well":[207],"discussion":[210],"several":[212],"aspects":[213],"regarding":[214],"setting":[216],"up":[217],"itself.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}