{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978334975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586375","title":"Tweaking a tower of blocks leads to a TMBL: Pursuing long term fitness growth in program evolution","display_name":"Tweaking a tower of blocks leads to a TMBL: Pursuing long term fitness growth in program evolution","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978334975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586375","mag":"1978334975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2010.5586375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070147024","display_name":"Tony E. Lewis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony E Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK","Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050583872","display_name":"George D. Magoulas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-0772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George D Magoulas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK","Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61461794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2278","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tweaking","display_name":"Tweaking","score":0.9535490274429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.6907609701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5069134831428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower","display_name":"Tower","score":0.4329032301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27856582403182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.11404752731323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08883336186408997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780200862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4453309","display_name":"Tweaking","level":2,"score":0.9535490274429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.6907609701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5069134831428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.4329032301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27856582403182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.11404752731323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08883336186408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2010.5586375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.299.1145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.299.1145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~gmagoulas/TMBL-final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bbk.ac.uk.oai2:7729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/7729/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400465","display_name":"BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","host_organization_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79453415","https://openalex.org/W194697568","https://openalex.org/W1482827835","https://openalex.org/W1506853907","https://openalex.org/W1535865934","https://openalex.org/W1550368705","https://openalex.org/W1556101418","https://openalex.org/W1557733817","https://openalex.org/W1587584386","https://openalex.org/W1775913388","https://openalex.org/W1900357389","https://openalex.org/W1989137057","https://openalex.org/W1996072994","https://openalex.org/W2118610447","https://openalex.org/W2124049766","https://openalex.org/W2500770213","https://openalex.org/W2528441180","https://openalex.org/W2604796233","https://openalex.org/W4250423385","https://openalex.org/W6603270412","https://openalex.org/W6628772041","https://openalex.org/W6630315736","https://openalex.org/W6633385759","https://openalex.org/W6635120754","https://openalex.org/W6638085146","https://openalex.org/W6728449766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4241780599","https://openalex.org/W2968428037","https://openalex.org/W1981619058","https://openalex.org/W2152101763","https://openalex.org/W4244708442","https://openalex.org/W4323777416","https://openalex.org/W2505446473","https://openalex.org/W2057518680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"If":[0],"a":[1,8,14,44,61,122],"population":[2],"of":[3,46,64,85,145,154],"programs":[4],"evolved":[5],"not":[6],"for":[7,13,125],"few":[9,15,77],"hundred":[10,16],"generations":[11],"but":[12],"thousand":[17],"or":[18],"more,":[19],"could":[20],"it":[21],"generate":[22],"more":[23,28,147],"interesting":[24],"behaviours":[25],"and":[26,67,73,135,138],"tackle":[27],"complex":[29],"problems?":[30],"We":[31,116,127],"begin":[32],"to":[33,50,96,120,149],"investigate":[34],"this":[35,52,118],"question":[36],"by":[37,104],"introducing":[38],"Tweaking":[39],"Mutation":[40],"Behaviour":[41],"Learning":[42],"(TMBL),":[43],"form":[45],"evolutionary":[47],"computation":[48],"designed":[49],"meet":[51],"challenge.":[53],"Whereas":[54],"Genetic":[55],"Programming":[56],"(GP)":[57],"typically":[58],"involves":[59],"creating":[60],"large":[62],"pool":[63],"initial":[65],"solutions":[66],"then":[68,128],"shuffling":[69],"them":[70],"(with":[71],"crossover":[72],"mutation)":[74],"over":[75,89],"relatively":[76],"generations,":[78],"TMBL":[79,131,141],"focuses":[80],"on":[81,99],"the":[82,113,150],"cumulative":[83],"acquisition":[84],"small":[86],"adaptive":[87],"mutations":[88],"many":[90],"generations.":[91],"In":[92],"particular,":[93],"we":[94],"aim":[95],"reduce":[97],"limits":[98],"long":[100,151],"term":[101,152],"fitness":[102],"growth":[103,153],"encouraging":[105],"tweaks:":[106],"changes":[107],"which":[108],"affect":[109],"behaviour":[110],"without":[111],"ruining":[112],"existing":[114],"functionality.":[115],"use":[117],"notion":[119],"construct":[121],"standard":[123],"representation":[124],"TMBL.":[126],"experimentally":[129],"compare":[130],"against":[132],"linear":[133],"GP":[134,137],"tree-based":[136],"find":[139],"that":[140],"shows":[142],"strong":[143],"signs":[144],"being":[146],"conducive":[148],"fitness.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
