{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126915984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586163","title":"An analysis of clustering objectives for feature selection applied to encrypted traffic identification","display_name":"An analysis of clustering objectives for feature selection applied to encrypted traffic identification","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126915984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586163","mag":"2126915984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2010.5586163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049457848","display_name":"Carlos Bacquet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Bacquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008462534","display_name":"A. Nur Zincir\u2010Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur A. Zincir-Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003699164","display_name":"Malcolm I. Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm I. Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54103602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8257730007171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6620259284973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.6341931819915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6181280612945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6148523092269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5436822772026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5304027795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5185149908065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.48982498049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42812833189964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41812044382095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3640773594379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3229962885379791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8257730007171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6620259284973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6341931819915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6181280612945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6148523092269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5436822772026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5304027795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5185149908065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.48982498049736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42812833189964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41812044382095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3640773594379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3229962885379791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2010.5586163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321629","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334904","display_name":"National Institute for Materials Science","ror":"https://ror.org/026v1ze26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481277647","https://openalex.org/W1556616707","https://openalex.org/W1980053379","https://openalex.org/W2067680836","https://openalex.org/W2078220749","https://openalex.org/W2086586141","https://openalex.org/W2087405576","https://openalex.org/W2103312864","https://openalex.org/W2114687917","https://openalex.org/W2119271160","https://openalex.org/W2119436991","https://openalex.org/W2120152316","https://openalex.org/W2120955848","https://openalex.org/W2121973001","https://openalex.org/W2122491585","https://openalex.org/W2143305710","https://openalex.org/W2149274049","https://openalex.org/W2158513418","https://openalex.org/W6633318752","https://openalex.org/W6669866510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557094818","https://openalex.org/W2183246718","https://openalex.org/W2099261052","https://openalex.org/W3209204065","https://openalex.org/W2105707930","https://openalex.org/W1755711892","https://openalex.org/W2160907113","https://openalex.org/W2070813941","https://openalex.org/W3046510185","https://openalex.org/W2348583279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,23,40,60,72,77,90,102,110,126,138],"use":[4],"of":[5,25,42,66,92,101,109],"clustering":[6,55,85],"objectives":[7,86],"in":[8,99,107],"a":[9,43,51,68,93],"Multi-Objective":[10],"Genetic":[11],"Algorithm":[12],"(MOGA)":[13],"for":[14],"both,":[15],"feature":[16],"selection":[17],"and":[18,114,120],"cluster":[19],"count":[20],"optimization,":[21],"under":[22],"application":[24],"flow":[26],"based":[27,53],"encrypted":[28],"traffic":[29],"identification.":[30],"We":[31],"first":[32],"explore":[33,59],"whether":[34],"it":[35,64],"is":[36],"possible":[37],"to":[38,71,75,137],"achieve":[39],"performance":[41,61],"gold":[44,94],"standard":[45,95],"model":[46],"(i.e.,":[47],"classification":[48],"objectives),":[49],"using":[50],"MOGA":[52,82],"on":[54],"objectives.":[56],"Then,":[57],"we":[58],"gain":[62,130],"(if":[63],"exists)":[65],"applying":[67,134],"logarithmic":[69,135],"transformation":[70,136],"data":[73],"prior":[74],"running":[76],"MOGA.":[78],"Results":[79],"show":[80],"that":[81],"trained":[83],"with":[84],"can":[87],"closely":[88],"reproduce":[89],"behavior":[91],"model,":[96],"not":[97],"only":[98],"terms":[100,108],"selected":[103],"features,":[104],"but":[105],"also":[106],"achieved":[111],"detection":[112],"rate":[113],"false":[115],"positives":[116],"rate,":[117],"above":[118],"90%":[119],"less":[121],"than":[122],"1%":[123],"respectively.":[124],"On":[125],"other":[127],"hand,":[128],"no":[129],"was":[131],"observed":[132],"by":[133],"data.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}